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MSK Tests > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Flexors of the knee

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Bicep Femoris
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius

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2
Q

Extensors of the knee

A

Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedialis
Vastus Lateralis
Sartorius

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3
Q

Internal Rotators of the knee

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius (Weak)

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4
Q

External Rotators of the knee

A

Bicep Femoris

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5
Q

Ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Medial Meniscus
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Lateral Meniscus

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6
Q

Clearing joints above and below the knee

A

Clear the Hip Joint

  • Active movements with passive overpressure at End of Range
  • Perform a ‘Hip Quadrant’ (flexion-adduction and flexion-abduction)
    [or]
  • Active (with overpressure) - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation

Clear the Ankle
- Active movements with passive overpressure at End of Range
- active (with overpressure) - plantar flexion, dorsi flexion, inversion, eversion

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7
Q

What are we observing and recording with active and passive ROM

A

Comparisons with uninjured limb

Range of Movement

Quality of Movement

Behaviour of Pain through the ROM

Tissue resistance through the range, and at the end of the range of movement

Provocation of any muscle spasm

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8
Q

Normal End Feels for passive ROM in the knee

A

Flexion - Soft Tissue Approximation
Extension - Capsular
Internal Rotation - Capsular
External Rotation - Capsular

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9
Q

Movements to test resisted muscle strength in knee

A

Flexion
Extension
Internal Rotation
External Rotation

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10
Q

Position of client when testing resisted internal and external rotation of the knee

A

Seated, hands wrapped around bottom of tib and fib

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11
Q

What should be noted with palpations

A

Temperature of the area

Localised increased skin moisture

Presence of oedema or effusion (consider measuring using a tape measure)

Mobility and feel of superficial tissues

Presence of muscle spasm

Pain provoked on palpation (ensure use of NRS to record severity, also note type of pain)

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12
Q

Bony points to palpate on knee

A

Tibial plateau
Adductor tubercle
Medial femoral condyle
Lateral femoral condyle
Head of fibula
Apex of patella
Base of patella
All borders of patella
Tibial tuberosity
Medial tibial condyle
Lateral tibial condyle
Joint line
Pes anserine

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13
Q

Ligaments to palpate on the knee

A

Medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament

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14
Q

Muscles and tendons to palpate on the knee

A

Patella tendon
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Popliteus
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

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15
Q

Knee Instability Test - Posterior Sag Test

A

Used first to rule out any false positives

Tests for - PCL laxity

  • Client is supine on bed
  • Knee placed 90 degrees in knee flexion

Positive - Sag at tibial tuberosity

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16
Q

Knee Instability Test - Posterior Drawer Test

A

Tests for - PCL Laxity

  • Client supine on bed
  • Knee in 90 degrees flexion
  • Place thumbs over tibial tuberosity with hands wrapped around leg
  • Short and sharp press posteriorly towards bed

Positive - Pain / Laxity

17
Q

Knee Instability Test - Anterior Drawer Test

A

Tests for - ACL Laxity

  • Client supine on bed
  • Knee in 90 degrees flexion
  • Place thumbs over tibial tuberosity with hands wrapped around leg
  • Sit on patients foot for stability
  • Short and sharp pull anteriorly away from bed

Positive - Pain / Laxity

18
Q

Knee Instability Test - Lachman’s Test

A

Tests for - ACL Laxity

  • Client supine on bed
  • Knee in 30 degrees flexion
  • Place thumbs over joint line with hands wrapped around leg
  • Sit on patients foot for stability
  • Short and sharp pull anteriorly away from bed

Positive - Pain / Laxity

19
Q

Knee Instability Test - Lelli’s ‘Lever’ Sign

A

Tests for - ACL Laxity

  • Client supine on bed
  • Make a fist and place it midway under calve
  • Over hand placed just above the knee
  • Push hand in downwards direction

Positive - Heal will not raise upwards

20
Q

Knee Instability Test - Valgus (MCL) Stress Test

A

Tests for - MCL Laxity

  • Client supine on bed
  • Grab bottom of leg, just above ankle
  • Use over hand to stabilise lateral side of femur
  • Slightly externally rotate tibia
  • Pull leg towards you - Passive abduction

Positive - Pain / Gapping

21
Q

Knee Instability Test - Varus (LCL) Stress Test

A

Tests for - LCL Laxity

  • Client supine on bed
  • Grab bottom of leg furthest away from you
  • Raise leg 6 inches off bed
  • 1 hand medial side of femur
  • Pull bottom of leg towards you while pushing femur

Positive - Pain / Gapping

22
Q

Knee Menisci Test - Thessaly Test

A

Tests for - Menisci Damage

  • Client standing
  • Support Hands
  • Ask them to stand on 1 leg
  • Slight flexion of knee (5 degrees)
  • Ask them to internally and externally rotate knee
  • Repeat with 20 degrees flexion

Positive - Locking / Clicking / Apprehension / Pain

23
Q

Knee Menisci Test - Apley’s Compression Test

A

Tests for - Menisci Damage

  • Client laying prone on bed
  • Knee at 90 degrees flexion
  • Place forearm over foot and hand wrapping around heel
  • Apply downwards force into the bed through calcaneus
  • Slowly externally and internally rotate the foot

Positive - Grinding / Pain /Apprehension / Clicking / Locking

24
Q

Knee Menisci Test - McMurrays’s Test

A

Tests for - Menisci Damage

  • Client supine on bed
  • Knee and hip at 90 degrees flexion
  • 1 hand on bottom of heel and other top of knee
  • Compress and move foot in circles (Internal and external rotation)

Positive - Locking / Clicking / Grinding / Pain

25
Q

Knee Menisci Test - Joint Line Tenderness Test

A

Tests for - Menisci Damage

  • Client laying supine
  • Knee at 90 degrees (Open up joint line)
  • Palpate along tibial plateaus

Positive - Tenderness / Pain

26
Q

Knee Other Tests - Patella Sweep / Tap Test

A

Tests for - Effusion / Swelling on the knee

  • Client laying supine on bed
  • Use back of hand to sweep knuckles around the knee

Positive - Collection of fluid

27
Q

Knee Other Tests - Patella Apprehension Test

A

Tests for - Patella dislocation

  • Client laying supine on bed
  • 30 knee flexion
  • Use thumbs to push the patella laterally

Positive - Apprehension

28
Q

Knee Other Tests - Noble’s Compression Test

A

Tests for - IT Band Syndrome

  • Client sitting on edge of bed
  • Palpate firmly over the lateral femoral condyle
  • Ask patient to slowly flex and extend their knee

Positive - Pain at 30 degrees

29
Q

Functional tests for the knee

A

Single Leg Stance
Squat
Lunge
Kneeling
Stair-climbing
Gait
Changing Directions
Heel & Toe Walk
Sit to Stand
Hop - single hop, triple hop
Jump
Landing Error Score System (LESS)

30
Q

Knee Flexion ROM

A

0 - 140

31
Q

Knee Extension ROM

A

0

32
Q

Knee Internal Rotation ROM

A

0 - 10

33
Q

Knee External Rotation ROM

A

0 - 30

MSK Tests (5 decks)

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