Ankle

Question 1

Active ROM (Ankle)

Answer 1

PF, DF, Inv, Ev

Question 2

Passive ROM (Ankle)

Answer 2

PF, DF, Inv, Ev

Question 3

Resisted ROM (Ankle)

Answer 3

PF, DF, Inv, Ev (Through Ranges)
- Not strength & pain
- Oxford Scale

Question 4

Anterior Drawer Test

Answer 4

Ankle - Instability

Stabilise leg above ankle (Distal end of tibia)
Force from heel upwards (anteriorly)

Positive - Pain / Laxity

Test - ATFL Integrity

Question 5

Posterior Drawer Test Ankle

Answer 5

Ankle - Instability

Stabilise leg at bottom of gastrocnemius
Hand around top of foot and push towards heel

Positive - Pain / Laxity

Test - PTFL Integrity

Question 6

Talar Tilt Test

Answer 6

Ankle - Instability

Ankle in neutral
Cup around foot
Rock Talus in inverted position (CFL) (Towards Midline)
Rock Talus in Everted Position (Deltoid) (Away from midline)

Positive - Pain / Laxity

Test - CFL / Deltoid L integrity

Question 7

Syndesmosis Squeeze Test

Answer 7

Ankle - Instability

Knee in 45 degree flexion
Using both palms compress / squeeze top of Tib and Fib together to separate bottom of Tib and Fib (Just below knee)

Positive - Pain / Laxity

Test - High ankle sprain

Question 8

External Rotation (Kleiger’s) Test

Answer 8

Ankle - Instability

Sitting with legs hanging off of bed
Stabilise by pressing above knee into bed
Cup top of foot and externally rotate foot (Away from midline)

Positive - Pain / Laxity

Test - Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament (ITL) Integrity

Question 9

Cotton test (Lateral Stress test)

Answer 9

Ankle - Instability

Stabilise ankle with hand on achilles
Use other hand cup and to laterally push heel (away from midline)

Positive - Pain / Laxity (3 - 5mm) / Clunk

Test - Syndesmosis lesion

Question 10

Fibular Translation Test

Answer 10

Ankle - Instability

Patient fully on bed
Stabilise ankle with hand underneath leg just above ankle
Other hand grabbing and rocking head of fibula (big bony bit) towards toes and heel

Positive - Pain / Laxity

Test - Syndesmosis sprain

Question 11

Thompsons Squeeze Test

Answer 11

Ankle - Tendon

Patient laying prone with feet and ankles off the bed
Squeeze muscle bulk of gastrocnemius with thumb and fingers from the side

Positive - Abscense of plantar flexion at the foot

Test - Achilles Tendon Rupture

Question 12

Windlass Test

Answer 12

Ankle - Tendon

Sitting on bed with legs hanging
Grab 1st metatarsal base
Pull big toe upwards (Thumbs pushing against eachother)

Positive - Pain

Test - Plantar fasciopathy

Question 13

Plantar flexion ROM

Answer 13

0 - 150

Question 14

Dorsi Flexion ROM

Answer 14

0 - 20

Question 15

Inversion ROM

Answer 15

0 - 35

Question 16

Eversion ROM

Answer 16

0 -25

Question 17

What joints should you clear for ankle assessment

Answer 17

Knee
Toes

Question 18

Ankle Palpations

Answer 18

Medial and Lateral Malleoli
Peroneal Trochlea
Sustentaculum Tali
Head of Talus
Navicular Tubercle
Cuboid
Cuneiform Bones (Medial, Middle and Lateral)
1st metatarsal
2nd to 5th metatarsal

Question 19

Ankle Ligaments

Answer 19

Anterior Talofibular Ligament
Calcaneofibular Ligament
Deltoid Ligament

Question 20

Functional tests for ankle

Answer 20

Single Leg Stance
Lower Quadrant Y-Balance Test
Squat / Lunge
Weight-bearing Lunge test
Stair-climbing / descending
Standing on tip-toes
Changing direction
Walking & Running
Establish History of Previous Sprain