knee Flashcards
bones making up knee joint
femur
tibia
patella
longest bone and its task is to transmit body weight to the legs
femur
largest sesamoid bone
patella
knee joint articulation
patellofemoral
tibiofibular
tibiofemoral
knee joints capsule
in the front= quads muscles integrated with infrapatellar tendon
in the back=popliteal ligament
intraarticular but extracapsular formations
cruciate ligaments
popliteus muscles
fat cushion
found behind patella ligaments
what controls hyperextensions
capsule and posterior ligsments
why dislocation on the knee is not common
because of the meniscus= medial and lateral meniscus
about meniscus
avascular structures
innervated by nerves from capsular plexuses
lacks vein except for 1/3 of outer part
pain can be observed but no intraarticular bleeding
task of meniscus
=act as shock absorber
=increases stability of the joint by providing more surface for tibia
=prove smoothness of articular faces
=prevent flexion and provide lubrication of the joints
about bursae
=around the knee joint but not associated with joint cavity
=they are synovial sacs aimed to reduce frictions btn bones and tendon
strongest ligament located Infront of joint capsule
patella ligament
ligaments
patella ligament
lateral collateral lig
mcl = wider than lcl
pcl and acl
when are lcl and mcl tight or loose
tight in extension and loose in flexion
cruciate ligaments that connect the joint condyles
pcl
acl
they are intraarticular and extracapsular
they rotate around each other during inward rotation of the leg
pcl provide 90% of stability towards the back
an important structure that prevents the tibia from displacing forward under the femur
ACL
anterior posterior ligaments
Transverse Bond: The ligament that connects the meniscus
Popliteal Ligament: Controls extension.
Coronary Ligament: It is located below the lateral collateral.
innervation of knee joints
femoral obturatory, tibial and main peroneal nerves
knee biomechanics
flexion
extension
int and ext rotations
which group of muscles support knee against valgus stress and performs flexion and internal rotation
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
for pes anserinus [goose foot]
when does int and ext rotations of the knee performed
after 30 degrees knee flexion
in 90 flexion = 30 int and 40 ext
what is a Q angle
angle formed by a line drawn from ASIS and mid patella to line from mid patella to tibial tubercle
when is Q angle increased and when is decreases
increased in anteversion= excess pronation and lumbar lordosis
decreases in retroversion=
which area carries the body weight on standing position
knee
genu valgum
occurs with narrowing of valgite angle
TFL and vastus medialis shortening
pronation deformity in foot
unable to control add due to loosen of mcl
genu varus
can be congenital metabolic or fracture
more localized to knee joints
deformities should be evaluated at loading not rest
genu recurvatum
increase in pineal plaque of the tibia towards the posterior
due to muscle imbalance
up to 10 degrees is normal
tibial torsion
caused by inability to finish external torsion of tibia
can be congenital or cause of diseases
worth in adults
knee bursitis
popliteal cyst,
prepatellar bursitis,
infrapatellar bursitis
pes anserinus bursitis
characterized by erosion of the articular cartilage to the underlying bone.
patella femoral pain [PFAS]
symptoms of PFAS
anterior knee pain increasing with activity
complaints often bilateral
pain located in periarticular
others like knee discharge, snags and locks
what are false locks
patella induced locks
