knee

Question 1

bones making up knee joint

Answer 1

femur
tibia
patella

Question 2

longest bone and its task is to transmit body weight to the legs

Answer 2

femur

Question 3

largest sesamoid bone

Answer 3

patella

Question 4

knee joint articulation

Answer 4

patellofemoral
tibiofibular
tibiofemoral

Question 5

knee joints capsule

Answer 5

in the front= quads muscles integrated with infrapatellar tendon
in the back=popliteal ligament

Question 6

intraarticular but extracapsular formations

Answer 6

cruciate ligaments
popliteus muscles
fat cushion
found behind patella ligaments

Question 7

what controls hyperextensions

Answer 7

capsule and posterior ligsments

Question 8

why dislocation on the knee is not common

Answer 8

because of the meniscus= medial and lateral meniscus

Question 9

about meniscus

Answer 9

avascular structures
innervated by nerves from capsular plexuses
lacks vein except for 1/3 of outer part
pain can be observed but no intraarticular bleeding

Question 10

task of meniscus

Answer 10

=act as shock absorber
=increases stability of the joint by providing more surface for tibia
=prove smoothness of articular faces
=prevent flexion and provide lubrication of the joints

Question 11

about bursae

Answer 11

=around the knee joint but not associated with joint cavity
=they are synovial sacs aimed to reduce frictions btn bones and tendon

Question 12

strongest ligament located Infront of joint capsule

Answer 12

patella ligament

Question 13

ligaments

Answer 13

patella ligament
lateral collateral lig
mcl = wider than lcl
pcl and acl

Question 14

when are lcl and mcl tight or loose

Answer 14

tight in extension and loose in flexion

Question 15

cruciate ligaments that connect the joint condyles

Answer 15

pcl
acl
they are intraarticular and extracapsular
they rotate around each other during inward rotation of the leg
pcl provide 90% of stability towards the back

Question 16

an important structure that prevents the tibia from displacing forward under the femur

Answer 16

ACL

Question 17

anterior posterior ligaments

Answer 17

Transverse Bond: The ligament that connects the meniscus
Popliteal Ligament: Controls extension.
Coronary Ligament: It is located below the lateral collateral.

Question 18

innervation of knee joints

Answer 18

femoral obturatory, tibial and main peroneal nerves

Question 19

knee biomechanics

Answer 19

flexion
extension
int and ext rotations

Question 20

which group of muscles support knee against valgus stress and performs flexion and internal rotation

Answer 20

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
for pes anserinus [goose foot]

Question 21

when does int and ext rotations of the knee performed

Answer 21

after 30 degrees knee flexion
in 90 flexion = 30 int and 40 ext

Question 22

what is a Q angle

Answer 22

angle formed by a line drawn from ASIS and mid patella to line from mid patella to tibial tubercle

Question 23

when is Q angle increased and when is decreases

Answer 23

increased in anteversion= excess pronation and lumbar lordosis
decreases in retroversion=

Question 24

which area carries the body weight on standing position

Answer 24

knee

Question 25

genu valgum

Answer 25

occurs with narrowing of valgite angle
TFL and vastus medialis shortening
pronation deformity in foot
unable to control add due to loosen of mcl

Question 26

genu varus

Answer 26

can be congenital metabolic or fracture
more localized to knee joints
deformities should be evaluated at loading not rest

Question 27

genu recurvatum

Answer 27

increase in pineal plaque of the tibia towards the posterior
due to muscle imbalance
up to 10 degrees is normal

Question 28

tibial torsion

Answer 28

caused by inability to finish external torsion of tibia
can be congenital or cause of diseases
worth in adults

Question 29

knee bursitis

Answer 29

popliteal cyst,
prepatellar bursitis,
infrapatellar bursitis
pes anserinus bursitis

Question 30

characterized by erosion of the articular cartilage to the underlying bone.

Answer 30

patella femoral pain [PFAS]

Question 31

symptoms of PFAS

Answer 31

anterior knee pain increasing with activity
complaints often bilateral
pain located in periarticular
others like knee discharge, snags and locks

Question 32

what are false locks

Answer 32

patella induced locks