gait mid term

Question 1

gait periods

Answer 1

stance phase
swing phase

Question 2

stance phases

Answer 2

initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
pre swing

Question 3

heel strike angles

Answer 3

hip 30 flexion
knee full extension
ankle neutral position
foot supinated

Question 4

line of gravity in heel strike

Answer 4

posterior to the ankle
in front of the knee and hip

Question 5

terminal stance

Answer 5

gait cycle is 30-50%
10-degree hip extension
knee flexion
ankle in plantar flexion
aim is to remove leg from the ground
line of gravity passes behind the hip, in front of the knee and ankle

Question 6

swing phase

Answer 6

initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

Question 7

initial swing

Answer 7

it begins as soon as toes leave the ground
gait cycle begins with 60-73% and ends when foot reaches the level of the limb
hip and knee flexion increase and dorsiflexion in ankle occurs
the goal is to quickly move leg on the air

Question 8

determinants of the normal gait

Answer 8

vertical and lateral displacement of the gravity center
pelvic rotation
pelvic tilt
width of support gait
the cadence of the gait
kinematic

Question 9

why does center of gravity change in vertical direction

Answer 9

because the gluteus medius contracts on that side and lifts the pelvis up on the opposite direction

Question 10

why does lateral displacement of gravity occurs

Answer 10

the gluteus medius pulls the place where it stabilizes when contracting downwards and laterally

Question 11

short leg gait

Answer 11

=when 0-4cm pelvic drop on the short side
=5 to 9cm short foot brought to equinus position
=10+ cm compensation is difficult it either short side pelvic lower
short side brought to foot appendix
health side shorten leading to recurvatum or varus/valgus
support should be used
tightness of gluteus muscles can cause this

Question 12

pathological gait

Answer 12

=coxa Vara/Valga
=hip joint dislocation
=Trendelenburg symptoms achieved
=weak gluteus medius and TFL
=to stabilize the hip the patient bring the trunk to lateral flexion in mid stance phase this causes the hip to be stabilized with external forces instead of muscles
=waddling occurs if it is two sided

Question 13

antalgic gait

Answer 13

pain due to pathologies that develop in lower extremity joint, pelvis and lumbar region
painful gait caused by circulatory disorders
Sacro lumbar problems
joint pathologies
weight is taken from the painful side and given to the healthy side
it is developed and typical
limping is observed in later steps not the first few steps
foot is in normal position

Question 14

spastic gait

Answer 14

arm in adduction
forearm and wrist flexion
palm and hand pronation
in lower extremities extension prevails
not possible to flex the joints
relative length in paralytic side
foot forced into echinovarus
pelvic elevation, Abd, circumcision. to move to swing phase
Stepage gait as a result of ankle dorsiflexors weakness causing inability to lift foot
Scissoring gait = spasticity of the adductor and medial hamstrings

Question 15

ataxic gait

Answer 15

gait impairment in spinal ataxia as a result of spinal cord lesion or proprioceptive pathways in the brain
In children=brainstem lesion
in adult= multiple sclerosis
cerebral ataxia= gait is irregular and unstable + walking surface is wide can happen with eyes open or closed