introduction mid term Flashcards
kinematics
it examines movements without considering it causes and effects
parameters of kinematics
location
time
speed
displacement
acceleration
path
measure of change of body speed and it is the most important mechanical factor of musculoskeletal system injuries
acceleration
kinetics
examines motions by considering forces that cause it and the forces that arise from that movement
kinetic parameters
force
mass
moment
moment of inertia
body planes
sagittal
frontal [coronal]
horizontal
what happen in sagittal plane and mediolateral axis
pelvic tilt
knee, hip and ankle extension and flexion angles
coronal or frontal plane movements under A P AXIS
pelvic oblisite
hip add and abd
knee valgus and varus angles
transverse plane movements under longitudinal axis
hip knee pelvic and ankles rotation angles
body axes
anteroposterior
mediolateral
longitudinal
protraction
abduction of shoulders forward so that it is waya from spine
retraction
shoulder adduction
radial deviation or flexion
abduction of wrist and palm
ulnar deviation
adduction of palm and wrist
palmar flexion
bending wrist while exposing arm
movement to rotate the ankle outward
eversion/pronation
center of gravity
a point assumed to be evenly distributed around all particles that make up an object
it is Infront of 2nd sacral vertebra in standing
it changes with position and movements
line of gravity
a line passing through the center of gravity and direct towards center of earth
where does line of gravity passes
from =vertex
= mastoid over protrusion
= the front shoulder
= inside hip joint
= in front of center if knee joint
= in front of ankle joint
= cut the spine from C4 L3 S2
a point where object touches the ground and the area between the points
support base
stability
ability to maintain state of equilibrium
factors increase stability
expansion of support base
COG closer to ground
cutting LOG
holding objects closer to your body
factors affecting stability
narrow support base
high COG
Large masses
forces systems
contiguous systems
coplanar systems
peer-set systems
codirectional force systems
all forces act in the same direction
traction and compression
coplanar forces system
on the same plane but not on the same line
if in parallel causing rotation example
simultaneous force system
forces are concentrated in the same spot
leverage systems and examples in human body
1st nodding head
neck is fulcrum
head weight is the load
sternocleidomastoid
2nd
3rd eg when the player is kicking the ball
where football is the load
quadriceps as force
straight knee as fulcrum
newtons law of motion
law of inertia
law of acceleration
law of action reaction
law of inertia
an object won’t change it motion unless force acting on it eg passengers moving forward when the bus suddenly stops
law of acceleration
the net force of an object is equal to product of mass and its acceleration eg when walking people with law masses tend to walk faster
law of action reaction
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction eg pushing each other in ice-skating
