Knee Flashcards
Q angle
Angle between femur and tibia
Typically less than 20 degrees- higher in females
Angles allows weight supported by the knee joint to be centred through the middle of the knee
Q angle above normal range
Genu valgum
Q angle below normal range
Genu varum
Iliotibial band syndrome
Knee pain during flexion and extension with tenderness over lateral femoral epicondyle
Due to overuse injury of iliotibial band- runners, cyclist
Prepatellar bursitis
Housemaids knee
Pain, erythema, bogginess over patella
Superficial infrapatellar bursitis
Clergymans knee
Friction between skin and patellar ligament
Deep infrapatellar bursitis
Friction between patellar ligament and tibial tuberosity
Suprapatellar bursitis
Vulnerable to superficial bacterial infections
Clin F: suprapatellar pain and swelling; redness and warmth, reduced range of motion
Pes anserine bursitis
Below medial jt line, reduces friction for tendons of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles
Common with OA or DM
Baker’s cysts
Caused by extrusion of synovial fluid
Associated with trauma, meniscal tears, RA, OA
Typically asymptomatic but acute symptoms if cyst ruptures and compresses on nearby structures - often confused with DVT
Medial collateral ligament damage forces
Twisting
Valgus stress- lateral knee blow with planted foot
Lateral collateral ligament damage forces
Injury is common alongside other structures
Varus stress - medial knee trauma
Anterior cruciate ligament
Lateral femoral condyle –> intercondylar
Prevents tibia from sliding anterior
Injury usually from direct blow to anterior femur –> anterior tibial displacement
Positive lachman, positive anterior drawer
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial femoral condyle –> posterior tibial plateu
Prevents posterior tibial translation
Injury usually from direct blow to ant tibia
Positive post drawer
Post sag sign
Unhappy triad
ACL
MCL
Med/lat meniscus
–> Valgus force with planted foot
