knee Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of knee joint

A
  • articulation between femur and tibia, weight-bearing
  • articulation between patella and femur, allows pull of quadriceps femoris muscle to be
    directed anteriorly over the knee to the tibia without tendon wear
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2
Q

function of the two fibrocartilaginous menisci

A

accomodate changes in shape of the articular surfaces during joint movements

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3
Q

where are the two fibrocartilaginous menisci situated

A

between the femoral condyles and tibia on each side

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4
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

hinge joint

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5
Q

which 2 main movements does the knee joint allow

A
  • flexion

- extension

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6
Q

why does the knee joint have a ‘locking’ mechanism

A

to reduce the amount of muscle energy required to keep the joint extended when standing

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7
Q

what do the cruciate ligaments interconnect

A

the adjacent ends of the femur and tibia (and they maintain their opposed position during movement)

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8
Q

what type of cartilage are the articular surfaces of the knee joint covered with

A

hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

which two major articular surfaces are involved in the knee joint

A
  • the two femoral condyles

- the adjacent surfaces of the superior aspect of the tibial condyles

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10
Q

which 2 elements enclose the joint surfaces of the knee

A
  • the articular cavity

- the intraarticular menisci between the femoral and tibial condyles

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11
Q

which are the articular surfaces between the femur and the patella

A
  • V-shaped trench on anterior surface of distal end of femur where the two condyles join
  • adjacent surfaces on posterior aspect of patella
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12
Q

what are the two menisci called

A
  • medial meniscus

- laterral meniscus

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13
Q

what are the 2 menisci

A

fibrocartilagionous C-shaped cartilages

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14
Q

which meniscus is more mobile

A

the lateral meniscus

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15
Q

what is the medial meniscus attached to around its margin

A
  • capsule of the joint

- tibial collateral ligament

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16
Q

what interconnects the menisci anteriorly

A

a transverse ligament of the knee

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17
Q

from which muscle is the tendon that is connected with the lateral meniscus

A

the popliteus muscle

18
Q

where does the tendon of the popliteus muscle pass to inseert on the femur

A

superolaterally beteen the meniscus and the capsule

19
Q

function of menisci

A

improve congruency between femoral and tibal condyles during joint movements

20
Q

where does the synovial membrane of the knee joint attach

A
  • margins of articular surfaces

- superior and inferior outer margins of menisci

21
Q

where do the two cruciate ligaments attach

A
  • intercondylar region of tibia below

- intercondylar fossa of femur above

22
Q

infrapatellar fat pad

A

seperates synovial membrane from patellar ligament

23
Q

alar fold

A

fringed margin formed by synovial membrane on side of infrapatellar fat pad

24
Q

infrapatellar synovial fold

A

sharp midline fold of synovial membrane by lower part of infrapatellar fat pad

25
where does the infrapatellar synovial fold attach to
the margin of the intercondylar fossa of the femur
26
what does the synovial membrane of the knee joint form pouches for
to provide low-friction surfaces for the movement of tendons associated with the joint
27
2 expansions of synovial membrane
- subpopliteal recess | - suprapatellar bursa
28
location of subpopliteal recess
between lateral meniscus and popliteus tendon
29
how does the subpopliteal recess extend
posterolaterally from the articular cavity
30
location of suprapatellar bursa
between distal end of shaft of femur and quadriceps femoris muscle and tendon
31
what is the apex of the suprapatellar bursa attached to
articularis genus muscle
32
3 other bursae associated with the knee
- subcutaneous prepatellar bursa - subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa - deep infrapatellar bursa
33
which 2 elements does the fibrous membrane enclose
- articular cavity | - intercondylar region
34
to what is the fibrous membrane attached on the medial side
medial meniscus
35
what does the fibrous membrane blend with on the medial side
tibial collateral ligament
36
is the fibrous membrane laterally attached to the lateral meniscus
no
37
from what is the fibrous membrane laterally seperated
fibular collateral ligament
38
to what is the fibrous membrane anteriorly attached
the patella
39
with what is the fibrous membrane reinforced anteriorly
tendinous expansions of vastus lateralis and medialis muscles
40
by what is the fibrous membrane reinforced antrolaterally
fibrous extension from iliotibial tract
41
by what is the fibrous membrane reinforced posteromedially
oblique popliteal ligament