KMT OF SOLIDS & LIQUIDS Flashcards
what are the properties of solid? (vol. and shape, density, compressibility, motion of molecules, imfa)
vol. and shape: fixed vol. and shape
density: high
compressbility: not easily compressible
motion of molecules: doesn’t move freely (vibrates)
imfa: high
what are the properties of liquid? (vol. and shape, density, compressibility, motion of molecules, imfa)
vol. and shape: has definite vol. and no fixed shape, they fill up certain solids, has the ability to form different shapes
density: high
compressbility: not easily compressible
motion of molecules: move past each other
imfa: depends on the liquid’s viscosity bc one particle of liquid may affect the motion of another due to its imfa
what is plasma? and what are its properties? (vol. and shape, density, compressibility, motion of molecules)
a superheated gaseous state consisting of a mixture positively charged cations and negatively charged electrons
vol. and shape: no fixed vol. and shape
density: low
compressbility: very compressible
motion of molecules: very free motion
what are the condensed state of matters?
solid and liquid
what are the four properties of liquids?
- viscosity
- surface tension
- capillary action
- volatility
what is viscosity?
measure of how thick or sticky a liquid is. it tells us how easily a liquid flows.
high = flows slowly and is thick
low = flows quickly and is thinner
the higher the IMF, the higher the viscosity
bigger molecules, more viscous
high temperature, less viscous (bc when temp of liquid rises KE also rises which separates the molecules creating more space between them which makes them less viscous)
what is surface tension?
- the force that acts on the surface of a liquid
- elastic force that’s on top of liquids
surface tension is what makes the surface of a liquid tight or resilient
greater imfa, greater surface tension
greater temp, lesser surface tension**
molecules within a liquid experience equal forces all around it, pushing and pulling in all directions. however, there are no forces like this on the surface of the liquid so they pull each other downward and sideways creating an elastic firm that can hold solids of really small volume (ex. needle on water)**
what is capillary action?
- the ability of a liquid to flow into narrow spaces without the help of external forces like gravity
- liquids rising in tight tubes, making cute little tiny domes
it’s what makes liquids move up small tubes or through porous materials
for example, when you put a thin straw into a glass of water, the water rises up inside the straw even though it’s not being pushed by anything.
water capillary increases more in thinner tubes
these liquids rise in tight tubes due to adhesion and cohesion, these combine till molecules cant move upward anymore.
adhesion: ability of lqiuid particles to stick on surfaces; reaction of two types of different molecules (water sticks to the glass surface due to the larger polarity of the glass) for ex. crying, tears falling off ur face, paper sticking on walls with the use of tape
cohesion: ability of liquid particles to stick together; reaction of two types of the same molecules (water sticks to water, like in surface tension) ex. mercury beads forming on surfaces
what is votality?
a measure of how easily a substance turns into a gas.
high volatility evaporates quickly
low volatility evaporates slowly
dependent on vapor pressure
high vp, high votality
liquids are in equilibrium with vapors; they condensate from gas to liquids the same way they evaporate from liquid to gas
for example, rubbing alcohol is highly volatile because it evaporates quickly, while a thick syrup is less volatile because it evaporates much more slowly.
volatile liquids have low boiling points and high vapor pressure
it takes water a while to dissolve because of its decently high imfa
what is vapor pressure?
the pressure exerted by a gas that forms above a liquid in a closed container.
imagine a closed jar with some water in it. As the water evaporates, it turns into water vapor and collects in the space above the liquid. vapor pressure is the force that this water vapor exerts on the inside of the jar.
what classification of solid is this?
- can be formed by an interaction between ionic, covalent, van der waals, or any combination of the three.
- very easy to break, breaks in an orderly manner, atoms are arranged in an orderly way
- more common
- default solid
the particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating pattern.
ex. salt, diamonds, quartz
crystalline solids
what classification of solid is this?
- solids with no regular crystal structure
- doesn’t have a definite shape, no orderly patterns, atoms arranged randomly
- it breaks down in a random pattern
- formed with a liquid, is cooled quickly to form a crystal structure
- considered a different state from normal state
ex. glass, plastics, gels, wax, rubber, clay
amorphous solids
what is this?
a three-dimensional arrangement of points that signifies the position of components that makes up a substance.
lattice
what type of solid is this?
- composed of charged units (ions). connected bc of ionic bonding.
- different particle sizes (anions are larger than cations)
- hard and brittle, has high melting point, and can be dissolved in polar compounds
ex. table salt, calcium fluoride
ionic crystals
what type of solid is this?
- made of metals
- an array of positive ions (nucleus of the metal atom) under a sea of electrons.
- conductors of heat and electricity.
ex. iron, gold
metallic crystals
