Kluckholn - Universal dilemmas & Basic assumptions Flashcards
Chapter 2
Where do people come from - theories
Fairy-tales
Myths - tower of babel
Religion - adam and eve
Science
What are UNIVERSAL DILEMMAS?
These are world problems that have to be solved by societies. This has been done over years.
Example: Time… Cultural differences and reasons
Male-female differences
Leadership and hierarchy
nature
Basic Assuptions to culture =
The onion model - cultures are built up like onions
Onion model…
the core (inside) =
Basic assumptions - every culture has this
Onion model…
Middle layer (Inside)
Values
Norms
Beliefs
Onion model…
Outer layer (outside)
Symbols products rituals traditions behaviours
Kluckhohn =
Basic assumptions & Universal dilemmas
Kluckohn’s six universal dilemmas
- Harmonic or dominance towards the environment
- Past, present or future orientated
- Task-orientated or relation oriented
- Individual or collective
- Private or public (physical space)
- Are people good or bad by definition (human nature)
What are Universal dilemmas solutions?
Basic Values (different in different cultures)
- Harmonic or dominance towards the environment
Harmony = adapt to the natural situation
Dominance = Controlling and managing the nature
- Past, present or future orientated (in no other model)
Past = traditions and history is important
present = short term plans, past is not dwelled upon
Future = near and long future orientated goals
- Task-orientated or relation oriented
Task orientated - liner active
relation orientated - multi active
(LEWIS)
4.Individual or collective
Considers themselves only
Considers the group around
(Links to Hofstede and 6 cultural dimensions
- Private or public (physical space)
Close up or spacious
- Are people good or bad by definition (human nature)
Is the way we live good or bad - controlling the things around us compared to leaving it to nature.
