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KLO notes Flashcards

1
Q 
pneumocystis carinii is what kind of organism?
virus
fungi
protozoa
bacteria
A

fungi

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2
Q

drug of choice for giardiasis

A

metronidazole

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3
Q

alternative drug for giardisasis

A

quanacrine

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4
Q

drug of choice for cryptosporidium

A

nitazodanide

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5
Q

drug of choice for cyclospora

A

TMP-SMX

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6
Q

drug of choice for trichomoniasis

A

metro

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7
Q

drug of choice for the hemolytic stage of trypanosoma rhodiense

A

suramin

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8
Q

drug of choice for for late CNS stage of trypanosoma rhodiense

A

melarsoprol

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9
Q

drug of choice for for trypanosoma gambiense hemolytic stage

A

pentamidine

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10
Q

drug of choice for trypanosoma gambiense late CNS stage

A

eflornithine

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11
Q

drug of choice for chagas disease

A

benzimidazole

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12
Q

drug of choice for leishmaniasis

A

stibogluconate

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13
Q

drug of choice for naegleria and acanthomoeba

A

IV and intrathecal amphotericin B

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14
Q

drug of choice for vivax and ovale malaria in areas of less drug resistance

A

chloroquine

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15
Q

drug of choice for vivax and ovale malaria to afford radical cure and kill hepatic hypnozoites

A

piramquine

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16
Q

term used to describe the remergence of symptoms in malaria patients previously asymptomatic due to decreased immune response with no prior treatment

A

recrudescence

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17
Q

drug of choice for falciparum malaria

A

artemether

lumefantrine

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18
Q

drug of choice for toxoplasma

A

sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine

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19
Q

only common protozoan pathogen found in the duodenum and jejunum of humans causing diarrhea

A

giardia lamblia

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20
Q 
after ingestion of contaminated food or water, patient had water greasy bulky foul smelling stool. what is most likely possible diagnosis?
cholera
amoebiasis
giardiasis
bacillary diarrhea
A

giardia

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21
Q

lateral spread or invasion of amoebae in the intestine produces this characteristic histologic finding

A

flask shaped lesions

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22
Q

most common extra intestinal amebic infection

A

amebic liver abscess

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23
Q

characteristic description of the drainage in amebic liver abscess?

A

anchovy paste

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24
Q

most commonly misdiagnosed nonpathogenic amebic species

A

entamoeba dispar

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25
Q

most common source of spread of amebic infections

A

asymptomatic cyst passers

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26
Q

DOC for asymptomatic cyst passers

A

difloxanide furoate

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27
Q

most common manifestation of amebic infections

A

asymptomatic

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28
Q

unilateral swelling of the eyelids in chagas disease

A

romana’s sign

29
Q

most common serious condition or complication in chagas disease

A

interstitial myocarditis

30
Q

children swimming in ponds develop progressive headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, nausea, vomiting, and disorientation. most likely causative agent

A

naegleria fowleri

31
Q

organism implicated in cns infections caused by contaminated contact lens washing solution

A

acanthomoeba

32
Q

infective stage of plasmodium transmitted from a bite of an anopheles mosquito

A

sporozoites

33
Q

merozoites are released every 72 hours from lysed rbcs in this particular plasmodium species

A

p. malariae

34
Q

coarse stippling found in blood smears in patients with falciparum malaria

A

maurer’s clefts or dots

35
Q

plasmodium species involved when only ring forms and gametocytes are found in the peripheral bloods mear

A

falciparum

36
Q

plasmodium that primarily invades older RBCs

A

p. malaria

37
Q

form or variant of malaria with predominant gi manifestations like vomiting and bloody diarrhea

A

algid malaria

38
Q

specie implicated in cerebral malaria due to cytoadherence

A

falciparum

39
Q

specie of plasmodium assoc with nephrotic syndrome in children

A

p. malariae

40
Q

term used to describe severe falciparum malaria with rbc hemolysis causing ATN giving bloody dark urine

A

black water fever

41
Q 
all forms of malaria can be transmitted via this route except:
transplacental
blood transfusion
needlestick
sexually
42
Q

most helminths do not multiply asexually in humans except

A

granulosus

43
Q

only intracellular helminth causing infections in humans

A

trichinella inside muscle (nurse cell)

44
Q

parasite implicated in nocturnal perianal pruritus

A

enterobius vermicularis

45
Q

method for diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis

A

scotch tape test

46
Q

DOC for pinworm infection

A

pyrantel pamoate

or mebendazole

47
Q

DOC for trichuriasis or whipworm

A

mebendazole

or albendazole

48
Q

DOC for ascariasis

A

mebendazole

or albendazole

49
Q

DOC for hookworm infection

A

mebendazole

or albendazole

50
Q 
which can be used as treatment for strongyloides
albendazole
mebendazole
praziquantel
iodoquinol
A

ideally ivermectin

if not in choices, use albendazole

51
Q

DOC for trichinella

A

albendazole

52
Q

DOC for cestodes infection

A

praziquantel

53
Q

DOC for filariasis

A

diethylcarbamazine DEC

54
Q

DOC for onchocerca

A

ivermectin

55
Q

TOC for dracunculus medenesis

A

physical manual extraction via stick/surgery

56
Q

DOC for fasciola hepatica

A

triclabendazole

bithionol

57
Q

DOC for flukes

A

praziquantel

58
Q

TOC for hydatid disease

A

albendazole/surgical

59
Q

neurocysticercosis is causedb y ingestion of which infective stage for t. solium

60
Q

syndrome from larval migration causing cough, eosinophilia, pulmonary infiltrates

A

loeffler’s syndrome

61
Q

intense erythema pruritus after hookworm penetration on the skin

A

ground itch

62
Q

parasite capable of producing hyperinfectino, reinfection, autoinfection where females are parthenogenic

A

strongyloides

63
Q

cestode infection associated with B12 deficiency

64
Q

infective stage of d. latum to man

A

plerocercoids

65
Q

term to characterize th predominant presence of microlifariae at night in blood of patients

A

nocturnal periodicity

66
Q

second intermediate host of fasciola hepatica

A

water cress

67
Q

2nd intemdiate host of schisosoma

68
Q

prodrome symptoms of headache, fever, chills, diarrhea, esoiniphili after

A

katayama fever

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