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Kingdom Animalia Presentations Flashcards

0
Q

Phylum Coelenterata:

A

Hollow-intestine animal

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1
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Stinging-celled animals

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2
Q

What are some characteristics of phylum cnidaria?

A
  1. Two stages: sessile polyps and free medusae
  2. Radial symmetry
  3. Solitary or colonial
  4. No definite head, heart, or brian
  5. Tissue level of organization
  6. Decentralized nerve net
  7. Gastrovascular cavity: single opening for mouth and anus
  8. No excretory or respiratory system
  9. 2 layers: Epidermis and gastrodermis with mesoglea (jelly-like layer) in between
  10. Nematocysts: Stinging cell organoids on tentacles
  11. Moves by contracting muscle fibers
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3
Q

What type of environment do Phylum Cnidaria live in?

A

All aquatic (some are found in fresh water, but most are marine)

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4
Q

What are some common representatives of Phylum Cnidaria?

A

jellyfish
sea anemones
coral

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5
Q

What is the life cycle of Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  1. Asexual reproduction by budding (POLYPS)

2. Sexual reproduction by gametes (MEDUSAE)

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6
Q

What is the importance to humans with Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  1. Corals used for ornamental purposes (jewelry)
  2. Corals important for building coral reefs and islands
  3. Dangerous to humans because of stinging
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7
Q

What is the complexity of Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Relatively simple

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8
Q

What is the nearest relative to Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Sponges

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9
Q

What is the classification of Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  1. Hydrozoa: Hydra (freshwater) MAN O’ WAR (can’t decide where to go… floats in the water like a buoy. have long, tall, skinny polyps)
  2. Scyphozoa: Jellyfish (free-living medusa)
  3. Anthozoa: Sea anemone and corals (both short, squat polyps)
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10
Q

Cnide-

A

Nettle

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11
Q

-Aria

A

like/connected with

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12
Q

Coel-

A

Hollow/bad

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13
Q

-enter

A

intestine/gut

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14
Q

What is the difference between medusa and polyps?

A

Medusa is free-living and polyps is sessile

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15
Q

Plat-

A

flat

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16
Q

-helminth

A

worm

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17
Q

What are characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  1. Single-celled
  2. Turbellaria level of organization
  3. Can live alone or in colonies
  4. Most are parasitic, but some can be free-living
  5. Systems are simple because of diffusion
  6. Acoelomates: meaning they have no body cavity
  7. Soft bodied
  8. Invertebrates
  9. Can regrow from one single cell
  10. Can jump from host to host quickly
  11. Bilateral symmetry
  12. Movement is through nerves and muscle control
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18
Q

What type of environment does Phylum Platyhelminthes live in?

A

Parasitic tapeworms live in the host

Free-living tapeworms can live aquatically or terrestrial

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19
Q

What are some common representatives of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Planarian
Tapeworm
Fluke

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20
Q

What is the life cycle of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Planarian- cross fertilization (sexually)
Tapeworm- sexually through self fertilization
All can reproduce asexually through dissection

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21
Q

What is the importance to humans with Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  • Tapeworms can be very harmful to humans with some leading to having epilepsy for the rest of the host life. Tapeworms live in the digestive system and eat all the food and fatty substances. Dogs and other animals can get tapeworms too.
  • In Hawaii, some have been used to cut down on a species of snail that was taking over the island.
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22
Q

What is the complexity of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Simple

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23
Q

What is the nearest relative to Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Monogenea

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24
Phylum Platyhelminthes is the first group in Animalia to have what?
organs and tissues
25
What do Planaria have?
eye spots
26
Where do tapeworms live?
In the digestive system and they have no digestive system
27
What are the first 3 systems we see showing up?
nervous system digestive system muscle system
28
Flatworms are all what?
hermathrodites
29
Nema-
Thread
30
-ode
Shape, form, likeness
31
What are some characteristics of Phylum Nematoda or Aschelminthes?
1. Common name is roundworms 2. Multicellular organisms 3. Invertebrate 4. Bilateral symmetry 5. Live freely and parasitically 6. Decomposers 7. Flexible external covering (cuticle) 8. Tubular digestive system, a mouth opening and an anus opening 9. Non-segmented 10. Extremely abundant 11. Movement: By contracting longitudinal muscles (no cilia or flagella)
32
What is the environment of Phylum Nematoda?
Aquatic and terrestrial
33
What are the common representatives of Phylum Nematoda?
Ascaris (intestinal roundworm) Nector (hookworm) Wuchereia (filarial worm) Enterobius (pinworm)
34
How do Phylum Nematoda reproduce?
sexually
35
What is the importance to humans with Phylum Nematoda?
1. Parasitic nematodes can cause serious illness to humans. Common roundworms feast inside many humans and domestic animals. Others can cause diseases like hookworms cause trichinosis. 2. The free-living nematodes feed off mostly all bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and other nematodes, the good and bad. They help release nutrients for plant growth.
36
What is the complexity of Phylum Nematoda?
Simple
37
What are the nearest relatives to Phylum Nematoda?
Flatworms and segmented worms
38
What is Trichinella?
A parasite that causes trichinosis (muscle knots) and comes from eating raw pork.
39
What are pinworms?
Come out of butt and easy to transmit. Students could easily have this.
40
Where do filarial worms live?
Live in lymph system. Could cause elephanttitus.
41
What is the vector for heart worms?
Mosquitos
42
annellus-
little ring
43
-ida
names of orders and classes
44
What are some characteristics of Phylum Annelida?
1. Bodies divided into segments (both internally and externally) 2. Elements of circulatory, nervous, and excretory systems in each segment 3. Body arranged in a linear series and externally marked by circular grooves 4. Head, segmented body, and terminal portion bearing anus 5. Developed nervous system with brain connected 6. 9000 species with 3 groups (Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) 7. Tiny bristles (setae) cover body and prevent slipping and aid in swimming 8. Gases are exchanged through skin and gills 9. Movement: contracting strong circular and longitudinal muscles 10. Food source: decayed organic matter and vegetation, fluids, plankton 11. Slime chamber dormancy 12. Closed, segmentally arranged blood system 13. Free-living but some are parasitic 14. Gland and sensory cells present in some
45
What is the environment or habitat of Phylum Annelida?
Worldwide distribution: marine, freshwater, and terrestrial
46
What are common representatives of Phylum Annelida?
1. Oligochaeta (Earthworms) 2. Hirudinea (Leeches) 3. Polychaeta (Sandworms)
47
What is the life cycle of Phylum Annelida?
* Some reproduce asexually (hermaphroditic) | * Exchange sperm and have separate sexes
48
What is the importance to humans for Phylum Annelida?
1. Help organic matter decompose through digestion 2. Hirudin, extract from leeches, used as blood anticoagulant 3. Help turn over sediment in ocean bottom 4. Bait for fishing
49
What is the complexity of Phylum Annelida?
Simple to moderate
50
What are the nearest relatives of Phylum Annelida?
Primitive arthropods: mollusks
51
What is the first animal group with distinct segmentation?
Phylum Annelida
52
What does the gizzard to?
Grinds up the food
53
What is the first group of animals we see that has a closed circulatory system?
Phylum Annelida
54
How many hearts to earthworms have?
5
55
What are spicules?
Tiny jack like objects that make up sponges
56
What are the subgroups of phylum Porifera? (Sponges)
1. Calcium sponges 2. Glass sponges 3. Spongy sponges
57
Phylum Arthropoda:
Joint-footed animals
58
What are some characteristics of phylum Arthropoda?
- largest group of animals with about 3/4 of all known species - exoskeleton of chitin, must molt - well developed organs - air piped directly to cells - segmented, some fused into larger areas - jointed appendages - active and energetic - contractile heart
59
Where is the exoskeleton found?
On the outside of body
60
Arthr-
Joint
61
Poda-
Foot
62
What phylum does class merostomata belong to?
Phylum Anthropoda
63
Mero-
Thigh
64
Stoma-
Mouth
65
What 2 body segments does class merostomata have?
1. Cephalothorax | 2. Abdomen
66
What are the characteristics of class merostomata?
- multicellular - heterotrophic - invertebrate - 2 body segments - chelicerae - multiple sets of eyes - grows by molting - open circulatory system - blue copper based blood - migrate in larger numbers
67
Where can you find class merostomata?
In the water... Mostly on Atlantic and gulf coasts of the United States (Shallow/sandy water)
68
How does class merostomata reproduce?
Sexually
69
What are some common representatives of class merostomata?
Spiders Scorpions Mites
70
What is the importance to humans for class merostomata?
Historically caught for their shells, which were pulverized and used as a fertilizer. Now, their blood is collected for pharmaceutical reasons. It is used to test for human pathogens in human blood, tissues, and drugs.
71
How complex is class merostomata?
Simple to moderate
72
What's the nearest relative to class merostomata?
Thrilobites
73
How does class merostomata breath?
Book gills

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