Kingdom Animalia 3/23/15 Flashcards
What are some characteristics of class Arachnida?
- multi-cellular
- eight legs
- 2 sections of the body (cephalothorax and abdomen)
- lay eggs
- arthropods
- live alone except when mating
- free-living and some parasitic
- movement: jointed legs help them move
Arachnid-
spider-like
What are the 2 body sections of class arachnida?
cephalothorax and abdomen
What are some common representatives of class arachnida?
spiders ticks mites harvestmen scorpions
Where are arachnids found?
nearly all land habitats and some aquatic
How do arachnids reproduce?
sexually
Why are arachnids important to humans?
- Help deplete insect population
- Some eat others which helps with arachnids population
- Spiders help farmers and gardner’s crops have good chance of survival by killing crop killing insects
What is the complexity of class arachnida?
very complex
What is the nearest relatives to class arachnid?
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Diplopoda
Hexapoda
What are the 4 subgroups of class Arachnida?
- Spiders
- Scorpions
- Ticks and mites
- Harvestmen (daddylonglegs)
What are 2 facts about scorpions?
- Carry around babies on back
2. More common in warmer climates
What are 2 facts about ticks and mites?
- Body is fused into one segment
2. Carries disease
What is interesting about harvestmen?
- Not true spiders
- Body fused into single segment
- Some of the most venomous but mouth is too small to bite
Crust
Shell
Acea
Made of
What are some characteristics of class Crustacea?
- 16-20 somites
- 30,000 or more species
- Majority are free living
- Appendages are biramous (2 main branches)
- Have gills for respiration
- Many subclasses
- Ecdysis
- Open circulatory system
- Nervous and sensory system
What are the 2 biramous for class crustacea?
Endopodite (inner branches)
Exopodite (outer branches
What is ecdysis?
Class Crustacea’s molting process which involves a premolt and a postmolt
Where does class crustacea live?
mainly marine
many freshwater
few terrestrial
What are some common representatives for class crustacea?
lobsters crayfish shrimp water fleas copepods barnacles
What is the importance to humans for class crustacea?
Important components of aquatic ecosystems
Considerable economic importance
What is the life cycle of class crustacea?
- Most have separate sexes and reproduction is done sexually
- Most brood eggs
- Some types where males are scarce reproduction is done through parthenogenesis
What is the complexity of class crustacea?
moderately complex
Where are the largest arthropods located?
Class Crustacea
How many pairs of antennas does crustacea have?
2
What are antennas used for?
Touch
Sense chemicals
Centi-
hundred
Pede-
foot
What are some characteristics of class Chilopoda?
- multicellular
- autotrophic
- invertebrate
- exoskeleton
- 15 of more body segments (each with a pair of legs)
- nocturnal
- compound eyes with little or no vision
- grow legs by molting
- bilateral symmetry
- free moving
What type of environment does class Chilopoda live in?
moist terrestrial environment
under decaying matter, logs, rocks, leaf litter
How does class Chilopoda reproduce?
sexually
What is class Chilopoda’s importance to humans?
They eat bugs that are nuisances to humans such as slugs, words, cockroaches, ants and flies
What is the complexity of class Crustacea?
moderately complex
How many legs do centipedes have?
2 per each body segment
What is the common name for class Chilopoda?
Centipede
Chilo-
lip
T/F All centipedes are predators.
True
Artho-
Joint
Poda-
Foot
Diplos-
Two
What are some characteristics of class Diplopoda (millipedes)?
- Body divided into segments
- Two pairs of legs on most body segments
- Sclerites- hard body plates
- Rounded head has antenna, mouth and sometimes eyes
- Eats dead wood, plant depris and some fungi
- Slow moving
- Don’t bite but curl up for protection
- Nocturnal and avoid light
- Diverse group with close to 11,000 species
Where does class Diplopoda live?
Terrestrial (moist and protected) environment
What is the life cycle of class Diplopoda?
- Reproduce sexually
- Exchange sperm and lay eggs
- Separate sexes
What is the importance to humans for class Diplopoda?
- Most are docile
- Pests
- Population explosions
- Live in gardens and help with decompositions
What is the common name for Diplopoda?
Millipedes
What is the complexity of millipedes?
moderate to copmlex
2 obvious differences between centipedes and millipedes?
- Body shape (millipedes tall and round and centipedes are flattened)
- Number of legs per segment
What are some characteristics of insects? (Class Insecta)
- Bilateral symmetry
- Divided into 3 distinct sections
- Body segmented
- Main part of the body wall is the cuticle (Chitin)
- Have gregarious or solitary social lifestyles
- Exoskeleton
- Most are small
- Use tracheae
- Have open circulatory system
- Only group of invertebrates to have developed flight
- Use tiny muscles in the thorax for wing movement
What are three distinct insect sections?
head
thorax
abdomen
What is tracheae?
Respiration using tubes instead of lungs
Where do insects live?
- Terrestrial and freshwater
- Only a small number are known to inhabit the ocean
- Adaptability on land is almost unlimited
Common representatives of Class Insecta:
flies wasps beetles ants crickets butterflies grasshoppers
Life cycle of class Insecta
- Reproduction: insects generally reproduce sexually
* 2 types of metamorphosis: incomplete and complete
Complete Metamorphosis:
Insects usually go through four separate life stages
- egg
- larva
- pupa
- adult
Incomplete metamorphosis:
Insects which lack wings barely change through their lives after the egg stage. Their molting stages are classified as incomplete because there are no dramatic changes in body form during development. Three stages.
- Egg
- Nymph
- Adult
How many legs do insects have?
6
Why are insects important to humans?
- They pollinate plants, serve food for other animals and dispose of dead organisms (decomposers). As well as doing an essential task as of the recycling of organic matter
- Downside- Some insects (mosquitoes and locusts) transmit diseases and can damage crops
How complex are insects?
complex
Meta-
Change
Morph-
Shape
Mollusca-
thin shelled
Mollis-
Soft
What are some characteristics of Phylum Mollusca?
- Bilateral
- Unsegmented
- Head and foot
- Heart, liver, and gills or lung, one or two kidneys, and some may secrete a shell for protection
- Has a Coelom (no other transport system is necessary)
- Complex digestive system
- Open circulatory system
- Hydrostatic skeleton
- Nervous system
- Sensory organs of touch, smell, taste, and vision
Where does Phylum Mollusca live?
Majority are marine
Some are freshwater
Few are terrestrial
What are common representatives of phylum Mollusca?
Chitins (look like fossilized roly poly), tooth shells, snails, slugs, nudibranchs, sea butterflies, clams, mussels, oysters, squids, and octopuses
Why is phylum Mollusca important to humans?
- Used for food
- Used for the sale of pearls in clams in oysters
- Burrowing shipworms can damage wooden ships
- Snails and slugs often damage gardens
- Boring snails destroy oysters
- Snails can serve as hosts for serious parasites
How does phylum Mollusca reproduce?
Sexually in a nontraditional way and asexually
How complex is phylum Mollusca?
simple to most complex
What is Coelom?
A fluid-filled cavity within the body of an animal; the digestive system is suspended within the cavity, which is lined by a tissue
What is a hydrostatic skeleton?
In organisms with this type of skeleton the muscles contract to change the shape of the coelom, which then produces movement due to the pressure of the fluid inside the fluid-filled cavity.
