Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
Structure of animals
-cell structure: multicellular, eukaryotes
-locomotion: most can move freely
-mode of nutrition: heterotrophs, ingest food
-classified by: structure, tissues, organ system
Radical symmetry
Symmetry around a central axis.
Eg: Hydra, sponges
Bilateral symmetry
symmetry around a midline
Eg: Turtle, crab, human
The 2 types of bilaterally symmetrical animals are divided into 2 groups called…
Protostomes, and deuterostomes
Protostomes
an animal when mouth forms before the anus
Deuterostomes
animal where anus forms before the mouth
-humans belong to deuterostome phylum chordata
Animal characteristics
-distinguished from other other organsisms by the number of germ layers.
Germ layers are the layers of cells in a developing embryo
The 3 germ layers are..
-Ectoderm
-Endoderm
-Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Outer layer, becomes skin, nervous system, some sensory organs
Endoderm
inner layer becomes the respiratory system, pancreas, bladder, and the inner lining of the digestive system
Mesoderm
middle layer becomes circulatory system, reproductive system, muscular system, and excretory system
Phylum Parifera
Body structure: two cell layers with gelatinous material containing needle-like spicules for support.
Digestion:single opening through food enters and waste exits. Filter food from water
- Sponges
Phylum Cnidaria
Body structure: two cell layers with radical symmetry. Contains a NEMATOCYST which is stinging cells with paralyzing toxins for defence or offense
Digestion: Single opening through which food enters and waste exits
extracellular digestion: ezmymes that digest food outside the body
jellyfish
Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Body structure: body with distinct lead region and a flat ribbon like body
Digestion: single opening through which food enters and waste leaves
many are parasites
ex: tapeworm
Phylum: Rotifera
body structure: less than 2mm long and use cilia to direct food into mouth
organ systems: have stomachs, jaw, anus, no circulatory or respiratory system
Phylum: Annelida(segmented worms)
body structure: more complex than flatworms. body divided into ringed segments with distinct head and anal region
digestion: food entrees at mouth and exits at anus
Earthworm
Phylum: Mollusca
Body structure: soft bodied organisms, have a body wall called a mantle which sometimes secretes a shell on the outer surface.
Foot for locomotion
Snails, slugs, clams, octopus, squids
Phylum: Anthropoda
Body structure: Segmented body, legs divided into moveable segments. muscles organized into groups. have an exoskeleton made up of chitin
Classified according to the number of legs, and eyes they have.
Larger group of organisms on earth
Ants, flies, bees, roaches, spiders, crabs, lobsters
Human Protostome Interactions
- Both compete for food
-Pathogens and vectors: flat worms are parasites, biting animals act as vectors spreading disease
- Food: we eat mollusks, bees make honey, pearl silk
Phylum Echinodermata:
Body structure: invertebrates which has series of tubes of canals in body. Have tube-feet to capture prey
Gas exchange happens across thin membranes
starfish
Phylum: Chordata
Body structure: Dorsal nerve chora, notachora which becomes a back bone in most chordates- usually appears only in embryo
- Gill skits in throat - usually appears in embryo
humans, birds
Class: Agnathans
skeletons made up cartilage, no back bone only notachora, adults have gill slits, simplest chordata
jawless fish
Class: Chondrichthyes(cartilaginous fish)
Development of true vertebrae’s, jaws, paired skeleton, skeleton made of cartilage.
Reproduction requires internal fertilization
sharks
Class: Ostrichthes (bony fishes)
Bony skeletons,reproduce mostly externally, few internally
salmon
Class: Amphibia (amphibians)
two pair of limbs, most have aquatic larva with gills, adults are tetrapods, breath through lungs or skin, external fertilization
frogs
Class: Reptilia(reptiles)
Development of amniotic egg, waterproof skin, most torrestrial tetrapods, breath with lungs, internal fertilization, amniotic eggs with soft shells
Class: Aves(Birds)
Development of feathers and modified limbs (wings), warm blooded, internal fertilization, hard shelled amniotic egg
Class: Mammalia(mammals)
Nurse young with milk and have hair, larger brains; acute vision and sense of smell, most give birth to live young. warm blooded, infernal fertilization
Germ layers are…
layers of cells in a developing embryo that develop into specialized cells
Characteristics of animals
Ectoderm: Outer layer becomes skin, nervous system
Endoderm: Inner layer becomes respiratory system, pancreas and bladder
Mesoderm: middle layer becomes circulatory and reproductive system
