king Richard 1 and king john Flashcards
what were Richards personal family reasons for going on the crusades
he was the great grandson of Fulk of anjou, the past king of jerusalem and so he believed it was his family duty to retake jerusalem and fight against saladin.
what were richards reasons for going on the crusades in terms of glory
his reputation of a fighter was already present, he wanted to reinforce his brave nature and have the stories or songs of future generations about his acts in the crusade.
what were richard’s religious reasons for going on the crusades
as a christian he felt, like many others, it was his religious duty to fight for the holy land.
why was the time right for richard to go on this crusade
the crusade was called for while he was king, this meant he had all the wealth, power and influence he needed to make the crusade a great success.
why did men join the crusade for religious reasons
the pope called for them to fight for control over jerusalem and so it was seen as their duty to fight as a christian. they were also attracted by the promise of indulgence, the forgiveness of sins
how were men encouraged to join the crusades
the men were encouraged by influential figures who would go round like a mobile recruiting outpost, one of these was the archbishop who toured wales for a year and in that time gained 3000 volunteers
how were men drawn to the crusades using revenge and reward as motives
many men were discussed at the loss of the holy land in 1187, they also knew that they could gain land and a title through fighting.
how was the crusade appealing to younger men
they knew that they could make a name for themselves and if they fought they wouldn’t have to pay the saladin tithe (a tax put in place after saladin took control of jerusalem
how did the men get to jerusalem to crusade
many of the parties of knights used boats to travel around the south of spain and italy, through the mediterranean sea, others used the lands of france, greece and bulgaria.
why were philip and richard starting to fall out about land
phillip wanted some of richards land, the angevin empire, which contained the vexin, as it had been a gift to richard for marrying alice, yet the marriage never happened
why were philip and richard starting to fall out about the crusade
they both wanted leadership for the crusades and the earlier deceased fredericks soldiers
why did the journey of the crusades continue to the falling out
richard was greeted as a hero in many places, and even married a sicilian woman, meaning he could never marry who he promised to, alice
why did the conquering of cyprus and jerusalem lead to the two leaders falling out
richard used the money he gained for conquering cyprus to pay his soldiers higher wages, he also got to pick who was given the throne of jerusalem.
What were two features of the Feudal system?
- The King owned land. Sub-divided it to Barons.
- Barons provided Knights for Knight Service. 40 days protecting the King’s castle for free, two months in the King’s army, using own equipment.
What were two features of the Church?
- The Church was part of the Feudal system. They 20% of land in the country.
- The Church were expected to provide care for people. They were supposed to carry our marriages, baptisms and funerals in return for the land they got.
What do the words, “homage, vassal and oath of loyalty” mean?
- Doing homage meant officially saying you would respect being bossed around by the person above you.
- If you were someone’s vassal than the person you were the vassal of was your superior (boss)
- An oath of loyalty was an official way of doing homage.
What were two features of life in a village?
- Land was divided into strips. The strips of land were farmed and different crops were on each strip
- People would go to Church on Sunday this was expected.
What were two features of life in a town?
- There was lots of trading. People joined guilds and if you were part of a guild, you could trade goods freely.
- Each town had its own charter, meaning it sort of set its own rules.
What were three taxes that existed in Medieval times.
- Forest Fines. These were fines given by the King to anyone who was hunting, living or poaching on land he kept for himself.
- Tallage. This was a tax paid by people who were living officially on the King’s own land.
- Wardship fines. These were paid by the sons of Barons if they wanted to inherit land from their deceased (dead) father when they became adults. King John raised them by 300%.
John becomes King after Richard dies of an arrow wound in Normandy.
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