Kinetics, Equilibrium, Acid/base test Flashcards
What is the formula for rate expression of products and reactants?
Reactant:
-(1/coefficient)•(🔼concentration/🔼time)
Product: (1/coefficient)•(🔼concentration/🔼time)
What is the rate law for a 0 order reaction?
rate=k
What is the integrated rate law for a 0 order reaction?
{A}final=-kt+{A}initial
What is the Half life formula for a 0 order reaction?
half life={A}/2k
What is the rate law for a first order reaction?
rate=k{A}
What is the integrated rate law for a first order reaction?
ln({A}final{A}initial)=-kt
What is the half life formula for a first order reaction?
Half life=.693/k
What is the rate law for a 2nd order reaction?
Rate={A}^2
What is the integrated rate law for a second order reaction?
1/{A}final=kt+1/{A}initial
What is the half life formula for a second order reaction?
1/k•{A}initial
When dealing with a number of half lives passing and not given a period of time or a specific half life, what do you do?
Original amount\2^(# of half lives)
What is the rate equation?
rate=k•(concentration of not cancelled out reactants)
What step determines the rate?
the slowest step
What do you tell if something is/isnt a single step reaction in terms of rate?
See if a reactant is missing from the rate formula
What is the formula for converting Kc to Kp
Kp=Kc(RT)^🔼n
How is ka/kb related to acid/base strength?
Higher=Stronger
How are Ka, Kb, and Kw related?
Ka•kb=kw
What is kw, ka, and kb?
Kw: equilibrium constant for water
ka: acid dissociation constant
kb: base dissociation constant
How are pKa, pKb, and pKw related?
pKa•pKb=pKw
How do you calculate %ionization?
%ionization={H+}eq/{HA}initial •100
How are pKa and pKb related to pH and pOH?
At equilibrium:
pKa=pH
pKb=pOH
What is a Lewis Acid and base?
Acid-Electron pair acceptor
Base-Electron pair donator
What is an industrial use of catalysts?
Iron used to make ammonium from hydrogen and nitrogen
How do you get the exponents for a rate expression?
Look at equation, or look at order
What is a diprotic acid?
An acid with two H’s
Which acids have the strong conjugate bases?
Weak acids
When adding a strong acid to a substance, how do you determine if it will make it more or less soluble?
Break apart main substance, add H+. If you get a strong acid after adding H+, it’s less soluble than before, if you get a weak acid, its more soluble than before
What is the formula for calculating K with ka/kb/kw?
Kc=Ka•Kb•(1/Kw)
What do graphs tell you about rxn order?
Graphing concentration vs time results in a straight line with a negative slope=0 order
Graphing ln(concentration) vs time results in a straight line with a negative slope=1st order rxn
Graph 1/concentration vs time results in a straight line with a negative slope=2nd order
How do slopes of concentration graphs relate to k?
Slope=-k for 0 and 1st order rxns
Slope=k for 2nd order rxns
