Kinetics and Equilibrium

Question 1

Describe the trend for charge density and ionic radius for halides ?

Answer 1

Since all halide ions have the SAME charge, the charge density Decreases with increasing ionic radius as we move DOWN the periodic table from chloride to iodide

Question 2

explain how the pH of conjugate strong and weak bases and acids differ in solution

Answer 2

The conjugate base of a strong acid (such as chloride, the conjugate base of the strong acid HCl) is pH NEUTRAL in solution.

However, the conjugate Acid of a Weak base (such as Pb2+, the conjugate acid of the weak base lead hydroxide) is actually slightly ACIDIC

Question 3

What is the formula for figuring out partial pressures of compound when given an equilibrium constant value ?

Answer 3

Keq= Partial pressure of value to be found / partial pressures of compounds given (with values)

Question 4

How do you convert atm to Pa (pascal) ?

Answer 4

1 atm = 1 x 10^5 Pa

Question 5

What changes the equilibrium constant ?

Answer 5

TEMPERATURE

Question 6

What is the Arrhenius Equation ? What is the relationship between rate constant and temperature ?

Answer 6

Arrhenius equation : Arrhenius equation (k = Ae –Ea/RT)
-rate constant dependent on temperature

Question 7

how do you identify oxidation or reduction in a reaction ?

Answer 7

Oxidation or reduction is identified by a Change in the Oxidation states of individual atoms participating in a reaction.

Question 8

How do you write rate law for a reaction ?

Answer 8

A rate law has the form Rate = k[reactants]x, where x is the order of the reaction.

Question 9

What are the units for rate law? How do you write units for second order reaction ?

Answer 9

A reaction rate always has units of M x s–1
- second order reaction generates a M x 2 term, so the rate constant (k) must have units of M–1 s–1 to produce the proper rate unit

Question 10

Which step of a reaction determines the overall rate of reaction ? What else does it predict ?

Answer 10

The SLOW step of a proposed mechanism is an ELementary reaction that predicts the form of the rate law, and also determines the overall rate of the reaction.

Question 11

What factors will change the rate of any reaction ?

Answer 11

Changing temperature
adding a catalyst
- altering concentration of reactants