Kinetic Particle Theory Flashcards
define kinetic particle theory
- all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant, random motion
- moving particles have kinetic energy
describe arrangement of solid liquid gas
solid: Closely packed; orderly arrangement
liquid: Quite closely packed; disorderly arrangement
gas: Very far apart; disorderly arrangement
describe movement of solid liquid gas
Vibrate about fixed positions
Slide over one another
Move randomly at high speeds
forces of attraction between particles solid liquid gas
very strong
strong
very weak
kinetic energy of particles solid liquid gas
very low
low
high
shape solid liquid gas
explain w movement
fixed
not fixed
not fixed
volume solid liquid gas
explain w arrangement
fixed
fixed
not fixed
compressibility solid liquid gas
explain w arrangement
cannot
cannot
can
why does a solid have a fixed shape and a fixed volume?
- Particles of a solid are held together by very strong forces of attraction and have very low kinetic energy.
- Particles only vibrate about their fixed positions and hence, solids have fixed shape.
- Particles are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and hence, solids cannot be compressed and have fixed volumes.
why does a gas have a unfixed shape and a unfixed volume?
- Particles of a gas are held together by very weak forces of attraction and have high kinetic energy.
- Particles are very far apart and hence, gases have unfixed shape.
- Particles move randomly at high speeds in an disorderly arrangement and hence, gases can be compressed and have unfixed volumes.
why does a liquid have a unfixed shape and a fixed volume?
- Particles of a liquid are held together by strong forces of attraction and have low kinetic energy.
- Particles can slide over one another and hence, liquids have unfixed shape.
- Particles are quite closely packed in an disorderly arrangement and hence, liquids cannot be compressed and have fixed volumes.
describe changes in movement from one state to another
- particles change from being closely packed in orderly arrangement to very far apart in disorderly arrangement
- particles change from vibrating about fixed positions to moving randomly at high speeds
define sublimation
process where solid changes directly into gas w/o going thru liquid state, occurs when particles at surface of solid have enough energy to break away & become gas
examples of substances that sublime - 3
- iodine
- ammonium chloride
- dry ice (co2)
define diffusion
net movement of particles from a region of higher conc to a region of lower conc
factors affecting rate
- temp
- ar/mr
how does temp affect diffusion
as temp increases, particles hv more energy, move faster
how does ar/mr affect diffusion
as ar/mr increases, rate of diffusion decreases
why does temp increase between melting and boiling
as substances are heated, particles GAIN heat energy, CONVERTED TO chemical energy; since avg kinetic energy up, temp increase
why does temp remain same during melting and boiling
during melting/boiling, heat absorbed by particles to overcome FORCES OF ATTRACTION between particles; since no change in avg kinetic energy, temp constant
explain why gas spreads thru jar evenly
- gases spread uniformly thruout container to form a HOMOGENOUS mixture of both gases
- gas particles move randomly via diffusion to spread thruout container
explain cotton wool in tube thing why ring not middle
- molecules of gases diffuse into tube, meeting to produce ring
- gases do NOT meet in middle bc mr diff, mr smaller = diffuse faster
explain porous pot thingy e.g. inside pot is co, outside is h2
since mr h2 less than co, h2 diffuse into pot faster than co2 diffuse out, pressure in pot up, water level goes down
what happens to water level if porous pot experiment carried out over long time e.g. inside pot is co, outside is h2
water level down first, then up bc h2 diffuse finish co2 hasnt, pressure down
after more time, water level become og bc diffusion of both r done, pressure same
