Atomic Structure

Question 1

mass p, n, e

Answer 1

1, 1, ~1/1836

Question 2

define isotopes

Answer 2

atoms of the same element w/ same no. p but diff no. n
- same chemical properties bc same p but diff physical properties bc diff n
- *ION: same n, diff e

Question 3

define principle quantum shell/no.

Answer 3

describes energy level & size of an atomic orbital (no. e shells & size)
the larger n is, the higher the energy level & further from radius

Question 3

define relative atomic mass

Answer 3

avg mass of one atom of element compared to 1/12 mass of carbon-12 atom

Question 4

define atomic orbitals

Answer 4

each type subshell has one/more orbitals w/ same energy but diff orientations
each orbital 2 es w/ opposite spins

Question 4

formula 4 relative abundance

Answer 4

35 (x) + 37 (1-x) = 36.5 (atomic mass; 35 & 37 number on isotope)

Question 5

define subshells

Answer 5

each principal quantum shell has fixed no. subshells (type orbitals present @ energy level)
no. subshells for any n is n
energy levels or subshells UP this order: s, p, d, f
max no. es in each shell = 2n^2

Question 6

spdf order

Answer 6

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 4d 4f

Question 6

exceptions to spdf (electronic configs)

Answer 6

cr & cu: 24 es & 29 es
cr:
- expected: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4
- observed: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5

cu:
- expected: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9
- observed: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10

Question 6

shapes of s, p orbitals

Answer 6

s: spherical
p: dumbbell
size up as n up, orbitals in same shell has same SHAPE & SIZE but diff ORIENTATION