Kinetic Particle Model

Question 1

Properties of a solid and their particle structure

Answer 1

• has a definite shape and volume as particles are in a regular pattern
• cannot flow like water and cannot be compressed
• this is because they have strong intermolecular forces
• so the molecules can vibrate but not move
• and they have low energy

Question 2

Properties for liquids and their particle structure

Answer 2

• don’t have a definite shape but has a definite volume as particles are randomly arranged
• can flow but cant be compressed
• this is because they have weaker intermolecular forces than solid
• so molecules can move around each other by sliding over each other, random motion
• and they have greater energy

Question 3

Properties of a gas and their particle structure

Answer 3

• have no definite shape and no fixed volume, as the particle are randomly arranged
• can flow to take the shape of their container and are highly compressible
• this is because there are very weak intermolecular forces
• so molecules move faster in all directions
• and have very high energy
• can be compressed

Question 4

Changing state, solid to liquid to gas

Answer 4

Solid to liquid
- melting

Liquid to solid
- freezing

Liquid to gas
- evaporation

Gas to liquid
- condensation

Question 5

Temperature and pressure, how does it effect energy particles

Answer 5

The amount of pressure exert is dependant on the amount of temperature

High temperature = high pressure
Low temperature = low pressure

This is because the gas particles have more energy to move around making it more likely for it to collide with a surface which exerts pressure

There is a point where the molecules stop moving due to the low temperature this is called the absolute zero and this point is (-273 celsius)

Question 6

Brownian motion

Answer 6

Brownian Motion: the random motion of microscopic particles when observed through a microscope

A Scottish scientist (Robert Brown) put large molecules such as pollen grains were put in a liquid at was looked under a microscope, the large molecules were in a constant motion and they couldn’t figure out why

This is because an uneven bombardment on different sides by water molecules were pushing the large pollen grains nudging them a bit

This is evidence of the kinetic theory of matter

Question 7

What is Kelvin and how do u find it

Answer 7

The kelvin temperature scale begins at absolute zero
- 0 K is equal to -273 °C
- An increase of 1 K is the same change as an increase of 1 °C

Therefore its not possible to have a negative value of kelvin

45 Celsius = ?K

It is changing to Kelvin therefore add 273
So it will be 45 + 273 = 318 therefore its 318 kelvin
(If its the other way its subtract)

Question 8

What is matter and the kinetic theory of matter

Answer 8

Matter is made up of tiny particles or molecules which are too small for us to see, it is any substance that occupies a physical space is always in constant motion