Kin-history of sport (1) Flashcards
how were Olympics a positive model
-promoted friendly relationship, peace, and solidary
- Olympic truce (7 days before and after- refrain from acts of war)
What’s the #1 activity to slow down aging
Dancing
When did the first recorded Olympic Games take place
In Athens 776 BCE
When did the modern Olympic revival occur
Not until 1896
What is the difference between Paralympic and special olympics
Main difference in the philosophy.
Special olympics- power of sport to help those who participate full fill their potential.
Paralympics- Competitive.
Must fulfill a certain standard
. Elite performance.
what is IOC
International Olympic committee
what is Title 9
-section of the U.S educational legislation
-equal opportunity legislation passed in 1972
-prohibited gender discrimination in any schools
- allowed girls to have same physical education and sport opportunities( paved the way for more scholarships)
change after Title 9
before 1972
what sport does men and woman get compensated equally
tennis
what is the Rooney rule?
- NFL rule to promote diversity
-aim to increase number of minorities hired in head coach/manager position - promising candidates to have the opportunity to prove themselves
2022- must interview 2 woman/person of colour and required to employ one
early history of sport- pre-agriculture societies
-had to be physically active to stay alive
-survival meant little opportunity for leisure time
early history of sport- ancient Greece
- first civilization to peruse physical activity for physical and mental benefits
- athletic events had religious importance
-ancient Greeks believed that God bestowed powers to athletes
-winners- offered thanks to Gods
early history of sport- renaissance
- athleticism became a social idea
IOC- international Olympic committee
- international Olympic committee
defining gender rules in sport
(IOC vs NCAA guidelines)
IOC- whatever gender you identify as
NCAA- must transition before 12
NCAA- monitor hormonal levels
-fall under federation guidelines for sport, if no federation follow IOC
history of gender rules-
IAAF - International Association of Athletics Federation
questions “what defines a man and woman in sport”
-physical exam
-chromosome testing
-testosterone testing
COC- CANADIAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
- Founding partner of Canadian sport centers
- support elite athletes
difference between professional, semi professional and amateur?
Professional- paid to compete in sport
Amateur- personal enjoyment, not paid, rely on government funding
Semi-professional- blend of professional and amateur
CS4L- Canadian sport for life
promotes physical activity based on developmental age rather than chronological age
F.A.C.E fueling athlete coaching excellence
provide funding for training, travel, coach education for athletes
Own the Podium
- not for profit
-additional finances and programing to help high skilled athletes succeed
-largest funding for Canadian armature athletes
what are the purpose of helmets
DONT prevent concussions
prevent skull fractures
spinal cord injurie- paraplegia
prevents use of legs but arms are not effected
spinal cord injury- quadriplegia
prevents movements of both arms and legs
what sport has the most violence and aggression off the field
soccer
average recovery time for concussion
1-2 weeks adult
3-5 weeks children
brain imagining- plasticity
when nerve pathways get effected. brain adapts to damage by using other pathways (plasticity)
take take to adapt
when older- brain already maxed out on development- vulnerable cannot adapt anymore
why do females have a higher risk than male? brain injury
- decreased neck size and strength\
- ## hormonal differences
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
degenerative brain disease found in athletes, veterans, history of repetitive brain trauma
-diagnosed after death
-protein clumps called tau form clumps that slowly spread throughout the brain slowly killing brain cells
-effect patients mood, behavior, problems thinking and progressive dementia
-cause by repetitive hits
DOMS
delay onset muscle soreness
what happens to our body after exercise
tearing of muscle -> more repair -> more growth
Neuroplasticity (brain plasticity)
many aspects of the brain can be altered (“are plastic”) throughout the lifespan
-developing brain exhibits higher degree of plasticity than adult brain
-brains “ability to change” or be “molded” like plastic can be strengthened with activity and healthy eating habits
-concussions-multiple damage makes harder for brain to continue to adapt
Neuroplasticity (brain plasticity)
many aspects of the brain can be altered (“are plastic”) throughout the lifespan
-developing brain exhibits higher degree of plasticity than adult brain
-brains “ability to change” or be “molded” like plastic can be strengthened with activity and healthy eating habits
media coverage and female athletes
40% of all athletes are woman
43% of college scholarships are given to woman
they only receive 2-4% media coverage (usually out of uniform based on looks/sexual poses)
mechanical doping
cheating with equipment,
give athletes unfair advantage over competitors
doping system
-50% athletes are doping only 1-2% are caught
-system doesn’t work, testing cost a lot of money ,and a lot of time
OAR
Olympic athletes from Russia
ANA
authorized neutral athlete
ROC
Russian Olympic committee
WADA
world anti doping agency
types of cheating in sport
- influencing the decision of match officials
-using illegal or banned substances
-use illegal equipment *mechanical doping
-match fixing *predetermine results of the game
Post concussion syndrome
persistent for a period of time after concussion
more common in females
why are females have a more concussions?
-females have a higher risk and report more than male
-female axon more likely to be damaged (fewer microtubules)
-females have decrease neck strength. smaller neck size, hormonal differences
-female take longer to recover *reported
Romans law
not allow athlete to play if suspect a concussion
Elizabeth Swaney
scammed her way into the Olympics
poor scoring technique for half-pipe ski
Edmonton Grads
woman’s basketball team
- wasn’t Olympic sport at the time so did not receive any medals
-overcame genders discrimination and expectations
Colin Kaepernick
kneeling during national anthem
try to bring attention to police brutality
Tua Tagovailoa’
team doctor cleared him after head injury to return to game
-next game he had involuntary spasms on the field
Alysla Montano
nike runner
-pause her contract when she was pregnant
partiACTION
- created under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1971 to encourage Canadians to become more physically
Not for profit sport
no money is made
recreational and community sport
for profit sport.
places of revenue
sport is a business
winning is critical
-broadcasting (media rights)
-commercial (sponsorships and partnerships)
-match day revenue (ticketing and hospitality)
-merchandising
sponsorship
promotion in association product/event service
endorsement
celeberty lending their name to a product
