Kin 101: Chapter 5

Question 1

Osmosis

Answer 1

Movement of water across membranes in response to a solute gradient

Question 2

Osmolarity

Answer 2

The number of osmotically active particles

Question 3

Body Fluid Compartments

Answer 3

There are two: ECF and ICF both osmotic equilibrium

Question 4

Transport Process (what you need to know)

Answer 4

Diffusion and Protein mediated transport

Question 5

Where do ECF and ICF exist

Answer 5

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 6

Resting membrane potential

Answer 6

Determined by the uneven distribution of ions (charged particles) between the inside and the outside of the cell

Question 7

Aquaphorens

Answer 7

Channel for water that promotes active transport

Question 8

How much of the body is ICF

Answer 8

2/3

Question 9

How much of the body is ECF

Answer 9

1/3

Question 10

25% of ECF is what?

Answer 10

Plasma

Question 11

Selective Permeability

Answer 11

The cell membrane has this: restricts free exchange movement between cell and interstitial fluid. movement will depend on permeability of wall and substance

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Passive movement of molecules down a chemical gradient. movement stops at EQ

Question 13

Who can cross a membrane?

Answer 13

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipids move easily. Ions, most polar molecules and large molecules can’t cross easily

Question 14

Tonicity

Answer 14

hypertonic (shrinks), isotonic (perfect), and hypotonic (swells)

Question 15

What are channels made of?

Answer 15

Many protein sub units, that come together around some channels

Question 16

Membrane Protein and Functional Categories

Answer 16

1. Structural Proteins
2. Enzymes
3. Receptors
4. Transporters

Question 16

What do Membrane Transporters do?

Answer 16

Conceptualize saturation so they limit transport. A higher [] has more motivation to move, however to diffuse you need a co-transporter or specificity is required

Question 17

Co-transport

Answer 17

A type of transport across cell membrane and it requires transport proteins embedded in the membrane of the cell

Question 18

Symport

Answer 18

One of the types of secondary active transport, in which substance A moves across the membrane against a chemical or concentration gradient

Question 19

Gated Channels

Answer 19

Border control, open in response to chemical, mechanical, and electrical signals

Question 20

What does depolarizing membranes do?

Answer 20

Inactivates sodium and potassium channels

Question 21

What are carriers?

Answer 21

They form an open channel between two sides of the membrane. They do this by binding to a molecule, changing shape and carrying across the membrane

Question 22

Uniport Carriers

Answer 22

Transport only one kind of substance

Question 23

Symport Carriers

Answer 23

Move two or more substrates in the same direction along the membrane

Question 24

Antiport Carriers

Answer 24

Move the substrates in opposite directions

Question 25

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Answer 25

Specificity (ability to move), competition (related molecules compete when specificity is met), and saturation (occur at max rate)

Question 26

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 26

Decreases the turnover rate for an Enzyme

Question 27

GLUT Transporter

Answer 27

Proteins that aid the transportation of glucose to various tissues where they are effectively utilized as an energy source

Question 28

Chemical Disequilibrium

Answer 28

Most solutes are concentrated in either one compartment or the other, creates this state

Question 29

Electrical Disequilibrium

Answer 29

Cations and anions are not distributed equally between the body compartments, creates this state

Question 30

Osmotic Equilibrium

Answer 30

Water moves freely between the cells and extracellular fluid, resulting in this state

Question 31

What can a Lipid-Soluble Substance do?

Answer 31

Can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer. Less lipid-soluble molecules require the assistance of a membrane protein or vesicle to cross the membrane

Question 32

What do Membrane-associated enzymes do?

Answer 32

Catalyze chemical reactions and help transfer signals across the membrane

Question 33

Passive Transport

Answer 33

Does not require input of energy

Question 34

Structural Proteins

Answer 34

Maintain cell shape and form junctions

Question 35

What system are Receptor Proteins

Answer 35

Part of the signalling system

Question 36

What are Transport Proteins meant for

Answer 36

Move many molecules into or out of the cell

Question 37

Channel Proteins

Answer 37

Form water-filled channels that link the intracellular and extracellular compartments

Question 38

Gated Channels

Answer 38

Regulate movement of substances through them by opening and closing. Gated channels may be regulated by ligands, by the electrical state of the cell, or by physical changes such as pressure

Question 39

Facilitated Diffusion is also know as?

Answer 39

Protein-mediated diffusion

Question 40

Active Transport

Answer 40

Moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires an outside source of energy

Question 41

Primary/Direct Active Transport

Answer 41

The energy comes directly from ATP

Question 42

Secondary/Indirect Active Transport

Answer 42

Uses the potential energy stored at a [] gradient and is indirectly driven by energy

Question 43

What is the most Important Primary Active Transporter?

Answer 43

Sodium-potassium-ATPase