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Kin 101 - Midterm 1 > Kin 101: Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Kin 101: Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Respiration mean?
Double check slide show

A

It refers to the human metabolism

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2
Q

Thermodynamics 1

A

Law of the Conservation of Energy

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3
Q

Energy

A

Gives the ability to preform work

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3
Q

Thermodynamics 2

A

The physical process is irreversible, the entropy of the system and the environment must increase; the final entropy must be greater than the initial entropy

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4
Q

Transport Work

A

moving particles and concentration gradients

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5
Q

Chemical Work

A

Making and breaking chemical bonds

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6
Q

Mechanical Work

A

Contract muscles, moving organelles, changing cell shape, beating cilia + flagella

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7
Q

Forms of Energy

A

Kinetic and Potential

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7
Q

Reaction Rates (what to they take into account)

A

Change in the [reactions] or [products] per unit in time

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8
Q

How do Chemical Reactions use energy

A

Reactions transform potential energy into kinetic energy for growth, and maintenance

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9
Q

Types of Reactions

A

Combination
Decomposition
Single replacement
Double replacement

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10
Q

Slide 10

A
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10
Q

Activation Energy

A

The amount of energy needed in order to start a reaction

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11
Q

Free Energy

A

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds

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12
Q

Net Free Energy

A

Change determines reaction reversibility

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13
Q

Condensation

A

Is a combination: where gas has cooled back into a liquid form. An example is a glass of ice-cold soda sitting outside on a hot summer day.

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14
Q

Endergonic

A

Absorbing energy in the form of work

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14
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Is decomposition; dissolving a salt of a weak acid or base in water

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15
Q

Excergonic

A

Releasing energy in the form of work

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16
Q

Enzyme

A

Active/binding site interacts with a substrate to accelerate process from substrate to product. They can be used again and released back into the environment.

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17
Q

Isoenzymes

A

A group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different enzyme forms and catalytic efficiencies (lactate)

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18
Q

Affects on Enzymes

A

Activated, inactivated, or Modulated

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19
Q

Reversible Reactions

A
  1. one enzyme for both directions
  2. two enzymes to control reaction both ways
20
Q

Irreversible Reactions

A

Lack the enzyme for the reverse reaction

21
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions that take place in an organism

22
Q

Catabolic

A

Energy-releasing breakdown
(promoting metabolic activity concerned with the breakdown of complex molecules and the release of energy within the organisms)

23
Q

Anabolic

A

Energy-utilizing synthesis (promoting metabolic activity concerned with the biosynthesis of complex molecules)

24
Q

Kilocalories

A

Energy released from or stored in chemical bonds

25
Q

Calories

A

A unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C

26
Q

Intermediates

A

The relative location of an anatomical structure lying between two other structures

27
Q

Proenzymes

A

A biologically inactive substance which is metabolized into an enzyme

28
Q

Coenzymes

A

A nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme

29
Q

NADH

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H).” It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy. Carrier of high energy electrons.

30
Q

What does Oxygen act as in the Mitochondria membrane?

A

Electron Acceptor

31
Q

What provides energy, but does not store it?

A

ATP

32
Q

Glycolysis

A

1 glucose = 30 - 32 ATP

33
Q

Beta Oxidation

A

1 triglyceride = 480 ATP

34
Q

Aerobic Metabolism

A

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates

35
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A

ATP production without oxygen

36
Q

Comparmentalization (why and how add)

A

Concentrates enzymes and metabolites and also separates them, as a means of controlling reactions.

37
Q

Transcription

A

Synthesis of a messenger RNA to mRNA, to tRNA, to rRNA

38
Q

Translation

A

Assembly of amino acids into protein chains

39
Q

Steps of Energy Metabolism

A
  1. Glycolysis - pyruvate and lactate
  2. Gluconeogenesis – glucose-6-phosphatase during to form glucose
  3. Glycogenesis – Storage as glycogen
  4. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) – The generation of NADPH molecules allows fatty acid synthesis
40
Q

Phosphorylation of ATP

A
41
Q

NADH

A
41
Q

Pyruvate

A
42
Q

Double Phospholipid Bilayer

A
43
Q

What are sugars and fats?

A

Fuel tank of the body

44
Q

Are fats quick or slow in CAC?

A

Slow

45
Q

What type of training speeds up ATP production?

A

After aerobic training you get way more citric acid cycle enzymes, more atp at quicker rate

46
Q

What does negative feedback attempt to do?

A

Bring everything back to homeostasis

47
Q

Glucagon

A

A peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Hypoglycemia is physiologically the most potent secretory stimulus

48
Q

Anything that needs to be contained can be described as what?

A

Internal Environment

49
Q

Law of Mass Action

A

Dump into the side the reaction will proceed to equilibrium overall, must push reaction vs mass balance; the organism level, protein and bodybuilding

50
Q
A

Kin 101 - Midterm 1 (5 decks)

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