Kiev - Czars Flashcards
With whom did the Byzantine empire trade with
Kiev
Who were Cyril and Methodius?
Christian monks
What did Cyril and Methodius do?
Introduced writing and reading
What was the alphabet Cyril and Methodius created called?
Cyrillic alphabet
What church was very powerful
Russian Orthodox Church
Who invaded and conquered Kiev in 1200AD?
The Mongols
What did Russia rule by?
A puppet leader
What does it mean to rule through a puppet leader?
Someone who rules through someone else
What did the Mongols make the Russians do?
Pay them tribute.
What were boyars known as?
Nobles
What was going on during the dark ages?
- Russia was isolated
- no development
- fear of foreigners
What began the rise of the czars?
The boyars stopped paying the Mongols tribute in the 1400’s
What were rich land owners known as?
Boyars
After the Mongols power declined what was the new center of civilization?
Moscow
What is the new Russian ruler called?
Czar
What is the new Roman Empire after the Mongols power declined?
Russia
What is the Russian word for Caesar?
Czar
What kind of ruler was a czar?
Autocratic
What does it mean to be an autocrat?
To rule with unlimited power
How are czars elected?
By the princes of Moscow
But after the first one it has to be a person from the blood line, so they aren’t actually elected
How does the social class structure go from top to bottom?
Czar
Nobles (boyars)
Small business/ land owner
Serfs
What is a serf?
People forced to work for land owners
Slaves
Who pays tribute to czars?
Nobles
Who pays tribute to nobles?
Small business/landowners
Lives a life of luxury and wealth
Boyar
How many serfs can a boyar own?
Up to 100
True or false: boyars do not arrange marriages between other nobles
False
Bought and sold by nobles
Serfs
Lived in Mir (villiage)
Serfs
Slaves to the nobles
Serfs
What society is unstable
Czarist
Eastern Roman Empire
Byzantine
What was the first Russian state?
Kiev
Where was Kiev located
The dnieper river
What was the most powerful and advanced civilization in Europe?
The Byzantine empire
What were some important contributions from the Byzantine empire?
System of writing and Christian religion
Who wanted to spread Christianity to the Slavs of Eastern Europe?
Cyril and Methodius
What problem did Cyril and Methodius run into when they went to spread Christianity to the Slavs
The Slavs couldn’t read or write so they taught them
The ruler of Kiev who loved Byzantine
Prince Vladimir
The civilization that conquered Russia
Mongols
Who was the first czar?
Ivan III
How did Moscow come to dominate Russia?
It was near the meng river
What were the effects of the Mongol conquest?
Huge economic burden
Halted technological development
Supported social and political order
Russian Orthodox Church
What is the icon
A religious painting of Jesus Mary and Joseph
What areas of Russia did not experience changes during the 1700’s?
Farming, manufacturing, and politics
Who started autocracy?
Ivan III
Who tried to make a strong unified Russian state?
Ivan III
Who ended the Mongol rule?
Ivan III
Who stopped paying the Mongols?
Ivan III
Why did Ivan III marry Sophia?
For legitimacy
What did Ivan III adopt?
Byzantine tradition
Who ruled with an iron fist?
Ivan the terrible
Who worked to strengthen the autocracy?
Ivan the terrible
Who expanded Russian borders?
Ivan the terrible
Who introduced a new code of law?
Ivan the terrible
Who renewed contact with Western Europe?
Ivan the terrible
Who crushed nobles
Ivan the terrible
Who bound peasants to land?
Ivan the terrible
Who killed their son?
Ivan the terrible
Who created a secret police force?
Ivan the terrible
Who encouraged Russians to adopt French culture?
Catherine the great
Who made the capital St. Petersburg?
Catherine the great
Who set up schools for the scientific theory?
Catherine the great
Who westernized Russia
Peter the great
Who improved and modernized the military?
Peter the great
Who arrested all liberals?
Nicholas I
Who got Russia into the Crimean War by invading Turkey?
Nicholas I
Who started the constitutional monarchy?
Nicholas I
Who banned books?
Nicholas I
Who made no development?
Nicholas I
Who made police spy on teachers, students, and government officials?
Nicholas I
Who improved health care?
Alexander II
Who made schools?
Alexander II
Who freed the serfs?
Alexander II
Who wanted a new more liberal constitution?
Alexander I
Who put down a polish revolt for independence?
Alexander II
Who was killed in a terrorist bomb attack to his carriage?
Alexander II
Who put together a ruthless police force that crushed terrorists?
Alexander III
Who was associated with industrialization?
Alexander III
