Kidneys, Ureters and Suprarenal Glands Flashcards
What is the location of the kidneys
Against post. abd. wall - in paravertebral gutter
T12-L3
Sup. pole of right kidney and inf. part of hilum of left kidney are at the transpyloric plane (L1)
Left kidney is narrower and longer and closer to midline
What is the size of the kidney
length: 11cm
Breadth: 6cm
Antero-posterior length: 3cm
150g in males. 135g in females
What are the surfaces and borders of the kidney
Superior and Inferior poles
Lateral and medial border (medial has hilum)
Anterior and POsterior Surfaces (Anterior against ant. abd. wall)
What is the organisation of structures coming out of the hilum of the kidney
VAP in an anterio-posterior direction
AVP in superior-inferior direction
How does the kidney lie in relation to the peritoneum
completely retroperitoneal
What are the anterior relations of the left and right kidney from superior to inferior for each
Right Kidney: (sup to inf)
- Suprarenal gland
- Liver
- Duodenum (descending)
- Rt. colic flexure
- Jejunum
Left Kidney: (sup to inf)
- Suprarenal sland
- Somach
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Colon and Left Colic Flexure
- Jejunum
What are the posterior relations of both the left and right kidney
Left:
- Rib XI
- Rib XII
(med to lat)
- Psoas major m.
- Quadratus Lumborum m.
- Transversus Abdominus m.
Right: Same except that not the XI’th rib
Where does the Renal Fascia originate?
From the Subserous Extraperitoneal Fascia
What does the Renal Fascia split into and what does each part cover?
Anterior Layer:
-Continues over renal vessels and aorta to join opposite layer
Posterior Layer:
- Anterior to Transversalis Fascia which is on Quadratus Lumborum and Psoas Major
- Continues to join opposite layer
Where does the Peri-renal (perinephric) fat lie?
Between surface of kidney capsule and renal fascia. This is the Space of Gerota.
Where does the Para-renal (paranephric) fat lie?
Posterior to Renal Fascia.
More extensive and fibrous in new-borns than adults.
How many medullary pyramids does the cortex of the kidney have?
8-18
Explain urine drainage in kidney
Pyramid Renal Papillae Minor Calyces Major Calyces (2-3 Minor Calyces) Renal Pelvis
What is the function of the renal columns
To support the renal vessels and tubules
What is the blood supply to the kidneys? Where does it originate
Renal arteries
Originate at the Abdominal Aorta at L1 and/or L2
What are the relations of the Left and Right Renal arteries
Left RA:
- Post. to renal vein
- post. to pancreatic body
- post. to splenic vein
- IVC crosses the left RA anteriorly
Right RA:
- Longer than left RA
- Post to IVC
- Post to renal vein
- Post to head of pancreas
- Post to descending duodenum
Where do the renal veins drain into?
IVC
What are the relations of the left renal vein? What is this significance?
Crosses anterior to Aorta and posterior to SMA
Opens into IVC above the right vein
What are the tributaries of the Left and Right Renal Veins?
Left:
- Left Inferior Phrenic v
- Left Testicular (or ovarian) v
- left Suprarenal V
Right:
-No extra-renal tributaries
What are the 5 segmental arteries branching off from each Renal Artery
Superior (apical) Anterosuperior Anteroinferior Inferior Posterior
What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys
Lateral aortic lymph nodes
What is the innervation of the kidneys
Renal plexus (arising from the celiac plexus
What is the significance of the SMA with the rising of the kidneys during embryological development?
If kidneys dont separate properly, the kidneys can be prevented from rising due to the SMA origin stopping it
How long are the suprarenal glands?
4cm long
