kidney structure and function

Question 1

highly metabolically active and does the bulk of the transport

Answer 1

PCT

Question 2

counter current flow and selective water/solute permeability responsible for medullary hyperosmolality

Answer 2

look of henle

Question 3

volume status affects the

Answer 3

sodium balance in urine

Question 4

sodium in PCT:

1. % reabs
2. mode of reabs
3. regulatory factors

Answer 4

1. 55%
2. Na/H exchanger and Na-co transporters
3. AII, Ne, GFR

Question 5

sodium in Loop

1. % reabs
2. mode of reabs
3. regulatory factors

Answer 5

1. 35%
2. Na/K/Cl co transporter
3. flow dependent

Question 6

sodium in DT

1. % reabs
2. mode of reabs
3. regulatory factors

Answer 6

1. 5%
2. Na/Cl con transporter
3. flow dependent

Question 7

sodium in CT

1. % reabs
2. mode of reabs
3. regulatory factors

Answer 7

1. 3%
2. Na channels
3. aldosterone and ANP

Question 8

does water must be filtered and not secreted?

Answer 8

yep

Question 9

creation of a hypertonic medulla

Answer 9

counter current multiplier

Question 10

creation of a dilute filtrate

Answer 10

water imperm DT

Question 11

ADH dependent water channel

Answer 11

medulllary CT thus concentrating the filtrate

Question 12

Ammonia genesis

Answer 12

excretion of additional protons as ammonia w/out increasing the H gradient

Question 13

potassium excreted in the urine

Answer 13

is secreted by the VT

Question 14

Vit D hydroxylation does what?

Answer 14

increases gut absorption and bone turnover

Question 15

vit D. and PTH are sensitive to

Answer 15

tubular reabsorption

Question 16

sodium loss in urine is ________ at times of hypervolemia, __________GFR and ______ tubular flow rates

Answer 16

sodium loss in urine is increased at times of hypervolemia, increased GFR and high tubular flow rates

Question 17

sodium loss in urine is _________ at times of hypovolemia, ______GFR and _____ tubular flow rates

Answer 17

sodium loss in urine is decreased at time of hypovolemia, reduced GFR and low tubular flow rates

Question 18

renin is the response to

Answer 18

volume depletion

Question 19

renin is stimulated by

Answer 19

1. Cl- decrease to

2. B- adrenergic: sympathetic activity

Question 20

effect of renin release

Answer 20

1. increased vascular tone
2. sodium reabsorption
3. aldo release

Question 21

which segment of the nephron plays the primary role in clearign toxins?

Answer 21

PCT