Kidney's

Question 1

What is kidney disease?

Answer 1

occurs when the kidney’s are unable to perform their functions effectively due to damage or dysfunction

Question 2

what are the 2 types of kidney disease?

Answer 2

Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney disease

Question 3

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 3

filtration
reabsorption
secretion
hormone production

Question 4

Explain filtration

Answer 4

filtering of waste products, toxins and excess substances from the bloodstream to form urine.

Question 5

where does filtration occur?

Answer 5

nephrons

Question 6

explain reabsorption

Answer 6

following filtration, substances such as water, electrolytes and glucose are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream to maintain balance and prevent excess loss in urine.

Question 7

explain secretion

Answer 7

substances such as hydrogen ions and potassium ions are secreted by the kidneys into the urine to regulate acid based balance and electrolyte levels in the body

Question 8

what is Acute kidney injury?

Answer 8

abrupt and usually reversible decline in glomeruler filtration rate which decreases kidney function.

Question 9

What are the 3 causes of AKI

Answer 9

drugs and toxins
hypovolemia
hypoxia

Question 10

how are AKI classified?

Answer 10

classified by where the problems occur

Question 11

what are the 3 classifications of AKI

Answer 11

pre-renal
intra - renal
post - renal

Question 12

Explain pre-renal

Answer 12

abnormalities outside the kidneys
results in decreased blood supply to the kidneys

Question 13

what can cause pre-renal

Answer 13

may be caused by reduced cardiac output following heart failure, low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrohea or haemorrhage

Question 14

explain intra-renal

Answer 14

abnormalities withing the kidney
may affect blood vessels, glomeruli or the tubules.

Question 15

explain post-renal

Answer 15

obstruction of the urinary collection system
anywhere from the calyces in the kidney to the bladder.

Question 16

what is chronic kidney disease?

Answer 16

presence of kidney damage for 3+ months

Question 17

what is CKD associated with?

Answer 17

progressive and irreversible loss of large numbers of functioning nephrons.

Question 18

How can the kidney’s adapt to loss of nephrons?

Answer 18

by increasing the use of the remaining ones.

Question 19

what are some clinical indicators of CKD?

Answer 19

• increase in urinary albumin secretion equal to 30 mg per day.
• decreased kidney function shown by a reduced estimated GFR.

Question 20

what does monitoring the estimated glomeruler filtration rate do?

Answer 20

allows for the stage and progression of the disease to be seen

Question 21

name some treatments of CKD

Answer 21

provision of antihypertensive stategies
diet tailored to individual

Question 22

what treatments should be avoided in people with CKD?

Answer 22

• NSAID and ACE inhibitors as they can reduce renal function
• nephrotoxic drugs

Question 23

what are treatment methods to slow the progression of CKD

Answer 23

managing modifiable risk factors such as glycaemic control, weight management and exercise

Question 24

what are the treatment options for end stage kidney disease?

Answer 24

dialysis
transplant