Diabetes Flashcards
Definition of diabetes?
diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the pancreas can no longer produce insulin or make use of insulin
define metabolism
metabolism is the chemical processes that occur within the living organism to maintain life
define Catabolism
catabolism is the production of energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones.
define Anabolism
anabolism is containing energy to build new cells, maintain body tissues and store energy
What are metabolic disorders?
a metabolic disorder occurs when abnormal chemical reactions disrupt the body’s metabolism.
What are the 3 main physiological cells of the pancreas?
Alpha cells
Beta Cells
Delta cells
Function of Alpha cells
Alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon. between meals when blood glucose levels fall, glucagon stimulates liver cells to convert gylcogen into glucose and also fatty acids and amino acids into glucose.
Function of Beta cells
Secrete the hormone insulin. After meals the levels of glucose and amino acids rise. Insulin stimulates cells to absorb these nutrients which allows the blood glucose levels to fall
Function of Delta cells
secretes the hormone somatostatin which works with the pancreas. It regulates other endocrine cells. it inhibits the release of glucagon, insulin and growth hormone.
What are the 2 types of Diabetes?
type 1
type 2
what is the cause of type 1?
deficiency of insulin resulting in the destruction of Beta cells from the pancreatic islets.
What is the pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes?
pancreas does not produce insulin. Glucose accumulates in the blood and cannot penetrate the cells.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes
autoimmune disorders
infection/environmental
development of autoantibodies
polygenic
treatment of type 1 diabetes
daily insulin injections
cause of type 2 diabetes
loss of insulin receptors on target cells causing them to be insulin resistant.
