Kidney prelab

Question 1

What are these:
bilateral renal agnesis (lack of urine), supernumary right kidney, unilateral renal agenesis, left kidney and ureter absent

Answer 1

Kidney anomilies in number

Question 2

What are these:
-Left unilateral hypoplasia
of kidney with narrow but
patent ureter.
-persistent fetal lobulation
-bilateral renal hypoplasia

Answer 2

renal hypoplasia

Question 3

What are these:
Crossed ectopia with fusion
s-shaped sigmoid kidney
pelvic cake or lump kidney
classic horseshoe kidney (more frequent in males)

Answer 3

renal fusion

Question 4

What are these:

• Complete duplication of ureter
• Ectopic ureteral orifice (insufficient drainage of urine causes dilation)

Answer 4

Ureteral duplication;ectopic ureters

Question 5

What is this?
The right ureter is compressed
between IVC and spine.

The resulting obstruction leads
to right-sided hydroureter and
Hydronephrosis

Over time, the ureter becomes
fibrotic and stenosed in the
compressed area

Answer 5

retrocaval ureter

Question 6

What are these:

• multiple renal arteries, accessory renal artery anterior to IVC
• Proximal subdivision of renal artery
• double renal vein forming ring around aorta

Answer 6

Segmental renal arteries and variations

Question 7

(blank) can result in hydronephrosis and additional stones in kidney and renal pelvis

Answer 7

renal calculus/calculi

Question 8

Where is the distribution of pain from renal calculus?

Answer 8

back to scrotum

Question 9

What is the purpose of an intravenous pyelogram?

What does it demonstrate?

Answer 9

to visualize the renal parenchyma
Injection of contrast medium which is excreted principally through the kidneys
Demonstrate: normal or impaired renal function

Question 10

What is the purpose of retrograde pyelography?

What does it demonstrate?

Answer 10

Purpose: Visualize the renal collecting system
Injection of contrast medium through ureteral catheter
Demonstrate: normal or pathologically altered calices, renal pelvis, ureters

Question 11

What is the purpose of peritoneal and intracorporal dialysis?
Where do you put the catheter?

Answer 11

reduce BUN, serum creatinin, serum uric acid (also eliminate drugs and poisons in overdose patients)
into peritoneal directly

Question 12

What is the purpose of extracorporal dialysis/hemodialysis

Where do you put the catheter?

Answer 12

reduce BUN, serum creatinin, serum uric acid (also eliminate drugs and poisons in overdose patients)
Into arm (arteriovenous shunt=extracorpoeal; artervenous fistula=subcutaneous)

Question 13

donor kidney is obtained via (blank)

Answer 13

nephrectomy

Question 14

When you make a skin incision on the right side of the body, make a long skin incision along rib (blank) toward the anterior third of the (blank).

Answer 14

12th

illiac crest

Question 15

Put these in order from outtermost to innermost

external oblique, internal oblique, latissimus dorsi

Answer 15

Latissimus dorsi, external oblique, internal oblique

Question 16

Cutting/dividing muscle to get to the kidney
1 Reflect or divide the Latissimus dorsi
2 Divide the External oblique
3 Divide the Internal oblique
4 Pull the muscle layers apart to expose the (blank)

Answer 16

aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle

Question 17

Nerve branches of (blank) run between the transversus and the internal oblique.

Answer 17

T12 and L1

Question 18

Below the aponeursis of the transversus abdominis is the (blank) fat.

Answer 18

pararenal

Question 19

• Identify the renal fascia and make a long incision through the renal fascia
• Remove the underlying perirenal fat as much as possible
• Deep to the perirenal fat lies the (blank) with its fibrous capsule

Answer 19

right kidney

Question 20

The renal vein lies (blank) to the renal artery.

Answer 20

anterior