Histo Urinary System Flashcards
What are the components of the urinary system?
kidneys and urinary tract
What is the function of the kidneys?
filtration – kidney glomeruli
selective resorption and excretion – kidney tubular system
synthesis of renin (regulates blood pressure via renin-angiotensin system)
synthesis of erythropoietin (regulates RBC production via [O2]
produced by interstitial fibroblast of the kidney
activates Vitamin D3
In the kidney, what is responsible for filtration?
kidney glomeruli
In the kidney, what is responsible for resorption and excretion?
kidney tubular system
In the kidney,what is responsible for the synthesis of renin?
RAAS
In the kidney, what is responsible for the synthesis of erythropoietin?
interstital fibroblast of kidney
What regulates bloodpressure via the RAAS?
renin
What regulates RBC production via decreased amount of Oxygen?
erythropoietin
What activates vitamin D3?
the kiDney
Is the kidney encapsulated?
yes
What is in the cortex of the kidney?
renal corpuscles or glomeruli
cortical labyrinth and medullary rays
How many medullary rays are then in a human kidney?
400-500
What do medullary rays look like?
almost like the splenic cords, long and dark and longitduinal
What do cortical labyrinths look like?
like swirlies filled with corpuscles
How many renal lobes/pyramids of the medulla are there?
15-20
What does the base of a renal pyramid form?
the corticomedullary border
What is the rounded off end of a renal pyramid?
a renal papilla
Renal papilla drain up to (blank) collecting ducts/ducts of bellin
20
What does a kidney lobe refer to?
medullary pyramid + overlying cortex
What does a kidney lobULE refer to?
a group of nephrons that open into branches of the same main collecting duct…. space between 2 interlobular arteries
How does the kidney regulate hematopoiesis?
secretion of erythropoieten
Where are the renal corpuscles and glomeruli found?
CORTEX!
What does the nephron consist of?
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus) and kidney tubules (PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT)
Each kidney has more than (blank) nephrons
1 million!
What happens in the nephron?
filtration , excrection and reabsorption
What is a uriniferous tubule?
nephron plus colleting duct
The end of renal papilla resemble a strainer and is called (blank)
area cribosa
What does a renal corpuscle consist of?
Bowmans capsule and glomerulus
What do arcuate vessels do?
separate cortex from medulla
The renal corpuscle of each (blank) nephron is located in the outer region of the cortex. Its loop of Henle is short and does not enter the medulla. The efferent glomerular arteriole branches into a peritubular capillary network, surrounding the convoluted segments of its own and adjacent nephrons.
Cortical nephron
The renal corpuscle of each (blank) nephron is located in the cortex region adjacent to the medulla. Its loop of Henle is longer and extends deep into the medulla. The efferent glomerular arteriole branches into vascular loops called the vasa recta. The vasa recta descend into th emedulla and form a capillary network surrouding the collecting ducts and limbs of the loop of Henle.
Juxtamedullary nephron
Where type of nephron is the majority of nephrons?
cortical nephrons
What are the two types of nephrons?
Do they vary in there thick and thinness
cortical and juxtamedullary
yes
Does the vasa recta come off the peritubular capillary or the efferent arterioles?
peritubular capillary
Describe the flow of vascularization in the kidney.
Blood enters via the interlobar artery->arcuate artery-> interlobular artery->afferent, glomerulus, efferent-> paratubular or vasa recta->interlobular vein->arcuate vein->interlobar vein
What gives rise to arcuate arteries?
interlobar arteries
afferent glomerular arterioles derive from an (blank)
interlobular artery
Efferent glomerular arterioles close to the subscapular region give rise to the (blank)
peritubular capillary network
Effernt glomerular arterioles close to the juxtamedullary region give rise to the (blank)
vasa recta
The arterial blood supply to the cortex is (blank)
terminal (no anastomoses)
In the kidney, an arteriole is interposed between (blank) capillary networks.
2
An afferent arteriole gives rise to a mass of capillaries called the (blank). These capillaries coalesce to form an (blank), which gives rise to capillary networks (peritubular capillary network and the vasa recta) surrounding the nephron
glomerulus
efferent
In the liver and the hypohphysis,veins feed into an extensive capillary or sinusoid network draining into a vein. This distribution is called the (Blank) system.
venous portal system
The glomerular tuft in the kidney is also called the (blank)
arterial portal system
Where is the venous portal system found?
liver and pituitary
When you leave the efferent arteriole where do you go?
to the paratubular network or the vasa recta
The renal glomerulus is also called the (blank)
corpuscle
(blank) capillaries grow into blind end of nephron.
tuft of glomeruluar capillaries
(blank) always bulge into the urinary space. They are components of the visceral layer of the capsule of Bowman.
podocytes
(blank) cells cover the parietal layer of the capsule of Bowman.
squamos epithelium (mesothelium)
What are the two basement membranes of the corpuscle?
BM of capsule of Bowman
BM of glomerular
Glomerular capillary lined by (blank).
fenestrated endothelial cells
The (blank) consists of mesangial cells embedded in the mesangial matrix.
mesangium
(blank) secrete extracellular matrix, prostaglandins, and cytokines and have phagocytic activity. The can contract and regulate glomerular filtration by controlling blood flow through glomerular capillaries.
Mesangial cells
(blank) reach the afferent arteriole and innervate juxtaglomerular cells. An increase in sympathetic activity stimulates renin secretion.
Sympathetic nerve fibers
Sympathetic nerve fibers reach the (blank) and innervated (blank).
affarent arteriole
juxtaglomerular cells
The (blank) is a distinct epithelial region found at the thick ascending limb-distal convoluted tubule junction. .
macula densa
The (blank) faces the triangular area formed by the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron.
macula densa
The cells of the macula densa are in contact with (blank) .
extraglomerular mesangial cells
What is the glomerular capillaries covered by?
What does this covering function in?
- visceral epithelium (podocytes)
- production of glomerular filtrate and supportive mesangial cells
The glomerular filtrate is released into the (blank)
urinary space
The urinary pole is continuous with the (blank)
proximal convoluted tubule
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located at the (blank)
vascular pole
(blank) is located in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and is an area of specialized cells within the DCT that is in contact with both the afferent and efferent arterioles.
macula densa
