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Block 2 Week 4 > Keef other transport > Flashcards

Keef other transport Flashcards

1
Q

(blank) is the highest rate at which the renal tubules can transfer a substance either from the tubular luminal fluid to the interstitial fluid or from the interstitial fluid to the tubular luminal fluid.

A

transport maximum (TM)

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2
Q

(blank) reach a maximum where they can no longer move substances anymore

A

transporters

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3
Q

What substance has the highest transport maximum?

A

glucose

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4
Q

What substance as the lowest transport maximum?

A

sulfate

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5
Q

Do you normally have glucose in your urine?

A

no

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6
Q

Where does glucose get reabsorbed into our body?

A

in the proxial tubule

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7
Q

Do you need energy to get glucose out of the tubule?

A

yes

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8
Q

To get glucose into the peritubular capillary do you need energy?

A

no, done via faciliated diffusion

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9
Q

What is the equation for reabsorption rate?

A

Tx=Filtered load - excretion rate

Tx= reabsorption rate

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10
Q

What is the equation for excretion rate?

A

Ux * V

Ux= substance concentration in urine times urine flow rate

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11
Q

What is the equation for filtered load?

A

GFR times concentration of substance in plasma

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12
Q

What is the typically urine flow rate?

What is the typically GFR?

A

1.2

120

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13
Q

What percent of stuff is filtered?

A

20%

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14
Q

If you are below the Tm what percent of substance of glucose will be present in the urine?
Above tm?

A

None

Some amount will be present

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15
Q

What is the relationship between filtration rate and plasma concentration of glucose?

A

directly proportional (i.e freely filtered)

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16
Q

What is splay?

A

the point at which glucose may be present in urine before the TM is reached

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17
Q

What does the reabsorption rate vs Plasma concetration graph show you?

A

shows you the Tm when the graph plateaus by showing that at a particular plasma concentration you resorption rate becomesconstant even with increasing plasma concentration (i.e you cannot reabsorb anymore)

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18
Q

The excretion rate vs plasma concentration graph of glucose will tell you what?

A

at a certain plasma concentration you will get excretion into urine

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19
Q

The difference between filtered load and the excretion rate is the rate of (blank)

A

net reabsorption or net secrion

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20
Q

If the filtered load is greater than the excretion rate, there has been net (blank) of the substance

A

reabsorption

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21
Q

If the filtered load is less than the excretion rate, there has been net (blank) of the substance.

A

secretion

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22
Q

Sodium is an example of a substance with net (blank)

A

reabsorption

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23
Q

PAH is an example of a substance with net (blank)

A

secretion

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24
Q

If you use sodium-glucose co transporter 2 (SCLT2) inhibitors and non selectiveblockers what will happen to your glucose reabsorption?

A

you will have a lot less and you will excrete a lot of glucose

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25
Q

If you have more glucose in the proximal tubule, what will happen to sodium?

A

you will have more sodium in the proximal tubule

26
Q

If macula densa sense a decrease in NaCl what will happen?

A

you will get increased GFR via constriction of efferent and dialation of afferent

27
Q

Why do you pea a lot when you have diabetes?

A

Mellitus: Increased osmolality of glucose ions reduces water reabsorption
Insipidous: Problems reabsorbing water

28
Q

If you have a substance with a clearance rate less than inulin then you will (blank) that substance.

A

reabsorb

29
Q

If you have a substance with a clearance rate higher than inulin then you will (blank) that substance

A

excrete it easily

30
Q

(blank) is constant regardless of concentration it will always be cleared out making GFR 125.

A

inulin

31
Q

What is probenecid?

A

a synthetic compound that promotes increased excretion of uric acid and is used to treat gout.
( a transport blocker)

32
Q

What is p-amino hippurate?

A

an organic anion secreted by proximal tubule

33
Q

What kind of organic molecule are secreted by the proximal tubule?

A

organic anions and organic cations

34
Q

PAH is used as an (blank) with other molecules and is used to find (blank)

A

exchanger

renal plasma flow

35
Q

The filtered load of PAh increases in (blank) proportion to the plasma PAh concentration.

A

direct

36
Q

Secretion of PAh occurs from peritubular capillary blood into tubular fluid (urine) via (blank) in the proximal tubule.

A

carriers

37
Q

At low plasma concentration of PAH the secretion rate (blank) as the plasma concentration increases.
Once the carriers are saturated further increases in plasma PAH concentration do not cause further (blank) in the secretion rate ( TM)

A

increases

increases

38
Q

Exceretion of Pah is the (blank) of filtration across the glomerular capillaries plus secretion from peritubular capillary in blood.

A

sum

39
Q

The curve for excretion is steepest at (blank) plasma PAH concentrations (lower than at Tm). Once the Tm for secretion is exceeded and all of the carries for secretion are saturated, the excretion curve (blank) to the curve for filtration.

A

low

flattens and becomes parallel

40
Q

RPF is measured by the clearance of PAH at plasma concentrations of PAH that are (blank) than at Tm

A

lower

41
Q

If you are below the TM of PAH what percentage will be excreted and what percent will be cleared from plasma?

A

100% for both (your excretion rate will be low but your clearance rate will be high)

42
Q

If you are above the Tm of PAH what percent will be cleared from the plasma?

A

less than all of it. (your excretion rate will be high but clearance rate low)

43
Q

Renal plasma flow is 5 times greater than what?

A

GFR

44
Q

Which has the highest clearance?

Urea, Inulin, PAH, glucose, creatinine, potassium

A

PAH > creatinine > inulin > urea > potassium > glucose

45
Q

The concentration of PAH and Inulin in the collecting tubule is what?

A

585 times that of plasma

125 times that of plasma

46
Q

What is the equation for filtration fraction?

A

GFR/RPF

47
Q

(blank) occurs due to buildup of uric acid.

A

gout

48
Q

Uric acid is both (blank) and (blank) in the nephron.

A

reabsorbed and secreted

49
Q

When you get too much uric acid absorbed due to wacky transporters you will get (blank)

A

gout

50
Q

ALthough urea must be eliminated every day (blank) percent is reabsorbed

A

60%

51
Q

What are 3 factors that affect passive reabsorption of urea?

A

Tubular area
Urea permeability
concentration gradient

52
Q

As (blank) rate increase, urea reabsorption decrease

A

tubular flow rate (i.e drink more water : ) )

53
Q

(blank) increases the urea permeability of the inner medullary collecting ducts.

A

ADH

54
Q

How is urea reabsorbed from the proximal tubule?

How is Na involved in its reabsorption?

A

passively
Na reabsorption increases water reabsorption which creates a gradient for urea by concentrating the tubule and allowing the urea to follow the water

55
Q

The distal tubule, cortical collecting ducts and outer medullary collecting ducts are (blank) to urea thus no urea is reabsorbed by these segments.

A

impermeable

56
Q

The clearance of urea is dependent upon (blank) whereas that of inulin is not.
If flow is slow then you will have (blank). If flow is fast you will have (blank)

A

tubular flow
Reabsorption
Clearance (excretion)

57
Q

If you have a basic substance in your body and you want to urine trap it, how do you do it?
If you have an acidic substance in your body and you want to trap it in your urine how do you do it?

A

you make your urine more acidic

You make your urine more basic

58
Q

What moves more easily across membranes, charged or uncharged ion?

A

uncharged

59
Q

If you want to excrete drug and you change the ph of your urine to do this, why do you also want to add a osmotic diuretic to this concoction?

A

It keeps water from leaving the tubule so you can maintain your gradient and keep peeing your drug out

60
Q 
What is the app. Fractional excretion of:
Sodium
Inulin
Creatinine
Glucose
PAH
Uric acid
Potassium
A 
Na=0.4 %
Inulin-100%
Creatine-120%
Glucose-0%
PAH-500%
Uric acid-10%
Potassium-10-20%

Block 2 Week 4 (7 decks)

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