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Applied science - body systems ( heart, kidneys, lungs) > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of what substances can be filtered from the blood.

5

A
  • Water
  • Ions
  • Glucose
  • Urea
  • Amino acids
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2
Q

______ capsule

A

-Bowman’s

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3
Q

What is the tubule before the collecting duct?

A

-Distal convoluted duct

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4
Q

How many nephrons are in a kidney?

A

-1 million

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5
Q

What is the tubule after the bowman’s capsule?

A

-Proximal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

What is the arteriole before the Glomerulus?

What is the arteriole after the Glomerulus?

A
  • Afferent

- Efferent

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7
Q

What happens when you are dehydrated?

A
  • Low water potential in blood
  • Detected by Hypothalamus
  • ADH is released from the Pituitary gland
  • ADH travels in blood to collecting duct
  • ADH binds with receptors on membrane
  • Aquaporins (channels) are inserted to membrane
  • Increases permeability of c.duct
  • More water leaves the c.duct through osmosis so more is reabsorbed into the blood.
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8
Q

What does the renal vein do?

A

-Blood leaves the kidneys and is transported to the inferior vena cava back to the heart

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9
Q

What does the renal artery do?

A

-Delivers oxygenated blood supply to the kidneys

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10
Q

What is the ureter?

A
  • A muscular tube, made of smooth muscle fibres.

- Transport urine from kidney to bladder

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11
Q

What is the bladder?

A

-Hollow muscular organ. That collects urine, urine enters and exits through the urethra

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12
Q

What is the kidney?

A
  • Filters water products from the blood and turns it into urine
  • 3 regions- cortex, medulla and in the centre the renal pelvis
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13
Q

What are nephrons?

A

-Microscopic structure that makes up most of the kidney.. These are where the substances are processed and filtered.

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14
Q

The process of Ultrafiltration

A
  • Blood enters the glomerulus via the afferent arteriole

- This creates high pressure, forcing the substances into the Bowman’s capsule creating Glomerular filtrate.

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15
Q

What are the three layers to pass through between the Glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule?

A
  • Endothelium of the blood capillaries~ small gaps between the cells that allow substances to pass through
  • Basement membrane of the Bowman’s capsule~ thin layer, acts as filter to prevent larger substances passing through
  • Epithelial cells of the Bowman’s capsule- Cells called podocytes have foot processes that allow substances through
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16
Q

What is the process of selective reabsorption?

A
  • Fluid moves along the nephron- substances such as glucose, amino acids, some ions and water are reabsorbed.
  • Glucose moves in from the P.C.T to capillary through facilitated diffusion using protein channels
  • After this it uses co-transport
17
Q

Process of co-transport

A
  • Na+ pump, pumps Na+ ions out of the lining of the P.C.T. This causes a higher conc of Na+ ions in the P.C.T lumen
  • Na+ ion diffuse from the lumen of the P.C.T into the lining of the P.C.T, taking with them the glucose
  • There is now a high conc of glucose in the lining of the P.C.T so glucose will move into the capillary through facilitated diffusion
18
Q

What % is reabsorbed?

A

-85% of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

19
Q

What is a diuretic?

A

Increased urination

20
Q

what is an Anti-diuretic?

A

Decreases urination

21
Q

Osmoregulation~

What happens when you are hydrated?

A
  • High water potential in blood
  • Detected by Hypothalamus
  • More ADH is released from Pituitary gland
  • ADH travels in the blood to collecting duct
  • ADH binds to receptors
  • Aquaporins are inserted
  • Increase in permeability
  • More water leaves c.duct through osmosis so more is absorbed.
  • Urine-dilute
  • Frequent urination
22
Q

Osmoregulation~

What happens when you are dehydrated?

A

-Low water potential
-Detected by Hypothalamus
Less ADH is released from Pituitary gland
-ADH travels in the blood to collecting duct
-Fewer ADH binds to receptors
-Fewer aquaporins inserted
-Decrease in permeability
-Less water leaves c.duct through osmosis so less is reabsorbed.
-Urine-concentrated
-Less frequent urination

23
Q

High water levels =

A

= low salt levels

24
Q

Low water levels =

A

= high salt levels

25
Q

Where is ADH made and stored?

A

Adh is made in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland.

26
Q

Dilute=

A

Area of high water potential

27
Q

Concentrated=

A

Area of low water potential

28
Q

Permeability of the descending limb

A
  • Impermeable to ions

- Permeable to water

29
Q

Permeability of the ascending limb

A
  • Impermeable to water

- Permeable to ions

Applied science - body systems ( heart, kidneys, lungs) (4 decks)

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