Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied science - body systems ( heart, kidneys, lungs) > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function and location of Atria

A
  • Helps pump blood into the heart

- First chamber in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function and location of the ventricles

A
  • Helps pump blood out of heart

- Second chamber in heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function and location of the septum

A

-Separates the two halves of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function and location of the bicuspid valve

A

-Prevents backflow between the left atrium and the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function and location of the tricuspid valve

A

-Prevents backflow between the right atrium and right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function and location of the semi-lunar valve

A
  • Prevents backflow between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle
  • Prevents backflow between the aorta and the left ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function and location of the Vena cava

A
  • Returns deoxygenated blood from the lungs to heart

- Enters the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function and location of the Pulmonary vein

A
  • Carries oxygenated blood from lungs and heart

- Enters the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function and location of the Pulmonary artery

A
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from blood to lungs

- Exits the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function and location of the Aorta

A
  • Pumps oxygenated blood to body

- Exits from the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function and location of the Coronary artery

A
  • Provides blood to the heart

- Covers the outside of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function and location of the Pericardium

A
  • Fibrous sack surrounding the heart

- Walls of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function and location of the Myocardium

A
  • Muscular walls that help it contract

- Walls of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of the arteries

A
  • Thick walls
  • Narrow lumen
  • Muscular layer to help with contractions and flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of the veins

A
  • Thinner walls than arteries
  • Large lumen
  • Muscle layer to help with contractions and flow
  • Valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristic of the capillaries

A
  • Thin walls
  • 1 cell thick
  • Narrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

-Carries oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

-Defends against disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of platelets

A

-Forms scabs by clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of plasma

A

-Transports nutrients (glucose, amino acids) , antibodies, hormones, water (Carbon dioxide, urea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Erythrocytes =

A

= Red blood cell

22
Q

Leukocytes =

A

= White blood cells

23
Q

Thrombocytes =

A

= Platelets

24
Q

1) A antigens =
2) B antigens =
3) AB antigens =
4) No antigens =

A

1) Blood type A
2) Blood type B
3) BLood type AB
4) Blood type O

25
Q

The rhesus antigen determines what ?

What % of the populate have/don’t have it

A

The rhesus antigen determines whether the blood type is positive or negative.
85% have the antigen- Rhesus positive
15% don’t have the antigen- Rhesus negative

26
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O (negative)

27
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB

28
Q

What blood type is recessive and which are co-dominant?

A

Recessive~ O

Co-dominant ~AB

29
Q

If you are rhesus positive what blood (positive/negative) can you take?

A

Both positive and negative

30
Q

If you are rhesus negative what blood (positive/negative) can you take?

A

Just negative

31
Q

Explain the cardiac cycle

A
  • Wave of depolarisation at the sinoatrial node (SAN)
  • Spreads across the atrium to the atrioventricular node (AVN)
  • Transmitted down the bundle of his
  • Into purkinje fibres
32
Q

The heart can beat independently so it is described as

A

myogenic

33
Q

The heart noise is described as a ‘lub dub’ noise, what causes the noise?

A
  • ‘Lub’ is caused by the atrioventricular (AV) valves closing
  • ‘Dub’ is caused by the semi-lunar (SL) valves closing
34
Q

Function of the Tendinous chord (heart strings) ?

A

They attach to the (Papillary) muscles to prevent the valves from turning inside out

35
Q

What is Diastole?

A
  • The heart fills with blood
  • Atria and ventricles relax
  • Semi-lunar valves are closed
  • Atrioventricular valves are open
36
Q

What is Atrial systole?

A
  • Pumps blood from the atria to the ventricles
  • Atria contracts
  • Ventricles relaxed
  • Blood is forced into ventricle
  • Atrioventricular valves are open
  • Semi-lunar valves are closed
37
Q

What is Ventricular systole?

A
  • Pumps blood from ventricles to aorta
  • Atrioventricular valves are closed
  • Semi-Lunar valves are open
  • Atria relaxes
38
Q

What does an electrocardiogram(ECG) do?

A

-Records the electrical activity in the heart

39
Q

The Heart waves
P waves-
QRS-
T

A

P waves- Atrial systole
QRS- Ventricular systole
T- Diastole

40
Q

What is Tachycardia?

A

-Elevated heart rate for no reason
~Can be so high that little blood is pumped
-Treated with relaxation therapy and b-blockers

41
Q

What is Bradycardia?

A

-Electrical activity is normal but slow
~Caused by good aerobic fitness, drugs (tranquilizers/b-blockers)
~Could cause blood clots, stagnation

42
Q

What is Ventricular Fibrillation?

A

-Uncoordinated and weak contraction
~Fluttering & little blood is pumped
-Defibrillation may work-> heart shocked, stopped, restarted (may do so with a normal rhythm)

43
Q

What is Sinus Arrhythmia?

A
  • A normal variation in the beating of the heart

- Occurs while breathing

44
Q

What is Flat line?

A
  • No electrical activity at all
  • Shock paddles will not work in stimulating electrical activity to start
  • CPR might work
45
Q

Genetic factors of cardiovascular disease

A

Gender- Females have higher HDL level, Oestrogen increase blood flow to muscles

Age- Arteries become less elastic with age-> increasing blood flow and risk of damage to blood vessel linings

Genetics- Some alleles increase the risk of CVD (inherited), alleles could cause valve weakness, high blood pressure, high LDL, high cholesterol

46
Q

Risk factors of cardiovascular disease

A

Smoking- Reduces HDL(‘good cholesterol’) levels, Carbon Dioxide increases fatty deposits, Increases heart rate, increased blood pressure, Nicotine causes platelets to become sticky -> increasing blood clots,

Exercise- sedentary lifestyle, without exercise cardiac output is reduced, the heart rate increases and artery walls become less elastic.

Blood pressure- caused by environmental factors such as drinking/smoking or genetic factors such as inheritance.
High blood pressure as this can damage your linings of blood vessels.

47
Q

Treatment for cardiovascular disease

Antihypertensives

A

Antihypertensives- A drug treatment-Reduces symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as blood pressure, reduce cardiac output, reduce resistance in the cardiac system.
Pros~
Reduces patients Symptoms
Cons~
Regular Potassium and blood sugar level test are required.
-Not suitable during pregnancy.
-Not suitable for people with a history of
-side effects:nausea, dizziness, cramps

48
Q

Treatment for cardiovascular disease

Transplant

A

Transplant- -It replaces a faulty heart with a healthy/
functioning heart, patient takes immunosuppressants to reduce the chance of rejection.
Pros~
Cures patient of cardiovascular disease and its related symptoms
-immunosuppressants to reduce the chance of rejection
Cons~
-Risk of immune system rejecting the organ and attaching it
-Risk of infection
-Taking immunosuppressants weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to illness.

49
Q

Treatment for cardiovascular disease

Statins

A

Statin- A drug treatment–Reduces LDL ‘bad cholesterol’ levels, does this by inhibiting enzymes in the liver, this prevents /reduces the buildup of fatty materials that will block blood vessels
Pros~
-Lowers LDL levels
-Stops cholesterol blocking blood vessels, keeps heart rate low and lining damage low.
Cons~
-More side effects than anti-hypertensive : Tiredness, nausea, muscle weakness, diaherra
-People will rely on that statins and not eat healthy.

50
Q

What can go wrong with the heart?

A

Cholesterol deposit- Buildup in arteries

Valves- faulty or leaky valves, blood does not pass efficiently

Heart failure- Can’t pump enough blood, can’t pump with enough force

Applied science - body systems ( heart, kidneys, lungs) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions