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Pathology > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

What are Crescents made of?

A

Prolifaration of parietal cells and infiltration of WBCs

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2
Q

Types of Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis

A

Type I anti-GBM (Goodpasture)

Type II Immune Complex (Post-infection GN)

Type III Pauci-immune ANCA (Wegener)

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3
Q

Pattern in Goodpasture

A

Linear

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4
Q

Pattern in Type II Immune Complex

A

Granular

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5
Q

What does Nephrotic Syndrome present with?

A

Proteinuria > 3.5 & Hypoalbuminemia

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6
Q

Common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian Adults

A

Membranous Nephropathy

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7
Q

Thickening of the glomerular capillary wall

A

Membranous Nephropathy

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8
Q

Pattern of Membranous Nephropathy is

A

Granular, Subepithelial

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9
Q

Common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in Children

A

Minimal Change Disease

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10
Q

Effacement of foot process and NO immune complex is

A

Minimal Change Disease

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11
Q

Common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in Hispanic and African Adults

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

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12
Q

Loss of foot process and Epithelial damage is

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

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13
Q

Associated with HIV

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

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14
Q

Associated with HBV, HCV, and SLE

A

Membranous Nephropathy

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15
Q

Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis is

A

Immune complexes resulting in Subendothelial deposites

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16
Q

Type II Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

A

Alternative Complement Pathway (C3)

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17
Q

Berger Disease is

A

IgA Nephropathy

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18
Q

What do you see in IgA Nephropathy?

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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19
Q

What is IgA Nephropathy associated with?

A

Gluten Enteropathy

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20
Q

Two types of Hereditary Nephritis

A

Aplort Syndrome

benign Famelial hematuria

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21
Q

Alport Syndrome presents with

A

Nephritis
Chronic Renal Failure
Nerve Deafness
Eye Disorders

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22
Q

Alport Syndrome is an abnormality of a chains in

A

Type IV Collagen

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23
Q

List Types of SLE Nephritis

A 
Type I - No renal Involvement
Type II - Mesangial Form 
Type III - Focal-Proliferative
Type IV - Difuse-Proliferative (Most Severe; Crescentic)
Type V - Membranous (thickening of GBM)
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24
Q

Purpuric skin lesions characteristically involving extensor surfaces of arms/legs as well as butt

A

Henoch-Scholein Purpura (deposition of IgA)

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25
Q

Nodular Glomerulosclerosis (or Kimmelsteil-Wilson Disease) is associated with

A

Diabetic Glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

Nonenzymic glycosylation of the GBM (increasing permeability and thickness)

A

Diabetic Glomerulonephritis

27
Q

Inheritance of Alport Syndrome

A

X-linked

28
Q

Most common cause of Acute Renal Failure

A

Acute Kidney Injury (or Acute Tubular Necrosis)

29
Q

Most commence sue of Pyelonephritis and UTI

A

E. coli

30
Q

Halmarks of Acute Pyelonephritis

A

Patchy Interstitual Suppurative Inflammation

& Intratubular Aggregates, Tubular Necrosis

31
Q

Three complications of Acute Pyelonephritis

A

Papillary Necrosis (in diabetics)
Pyonephrosis
Perinephric Abscess

32
Q

What do you see in Chronic Pyelonephritis?

A

WBC Casts

33
Q

What is Chronic Pyelonephritis usually associated with?

A

Vesicocurethral or Intrarenal Reflux

34
Q

Acute Drug-Induced Interstitial Nephritis most commonly caused by

A

Penicillins

35
Q

Analgesic Nephropaty is caused by excessive intake of analgesic mixtures of

A

Phenacetin and Aspirin, Caffeine, Acetaminophen, Codeine

36
Q

Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy occurs where and why?

A

In collecting Ducts because favor Acidic pH

37
Q

Chronic Urate Nephropathy is a result of

A

MUS, also called Gouty Nephropathy

38
Q

Nephrolithiasis is

A

Uric acid stones

39
Q

Bence Jones Casts

A

Myeloma Kidney (Light-chain Cast Nephropathy)

40
Q

What do you see in Benign Nephrosclerosis?

A

Hyalin Arteriosclerosis

41
Q

What do you see in Malignant Hypertension?

A

Onion Skinning

42
Q

Typical HUS is caused by

A

Shiga-like Toxins from E. coli (O157:H7)

43
Q

TTP is caused by

A

ADAMTS13

44
Q

Because of “End Organ” nature of blood supply, most renal infarcts are

A

“White” Anemic Infacts

45
Q

Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease is inherited

A

Autosomal Dominant

46
Q

Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease is inherited

A

Autosomal Recessive

47
Q

AD (or Adult) Polycystic Kidney Disease is associated with

A

Berry Aneurysms and Mitral Valve Polapse

48
Q

AR (or Childhood) Polycystic Kidney Disease is associated with

A

Hepatic Fibrosis

49
Q

40% AD (or Adult) Polycystic Kidney Disease die of

A

Coronary or Hypertensive Heart Disease

50
Q

Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces with atrophy of kidney from obstruction to the outflow of urine

A

Hydronephrosis (from UT Obstruction)

51
Q

What is the term for renal stones?

A

Urolithiasis

52
Q

The majority of renal stones are

A

Calcium Stones (70%)

53
Q

What are Triple Stones made of?

A

Magnesium, Ammonium, and Phosphate

54
Q

Stones that have Staghorn Cells are

A

Triple Stones

55
Q

Four types of Kidney Stones are

A

Calcium, Triple, Uric Acid, and Cysteine

56
Q

Kidney Stones are favored in

A

Renal Calyces/Pelvis or Bladder

57
Q

Most common malignant tumor of the Kidneys is

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma)

58
Q

What is the most significant risk factor of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma)?

A

Tobacco

59
Q

Most common form of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) is

A

Clear Cell (70-80%)

60
Q

A form of Hereditery Renal Cell Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) is

A

Von Hippel Lindau (VHL gene)

61
Q

Papillary Carcinoma results from

A

Trisomy 7 & MET Gene

62
Q

Clear Cell Carcinoma results from

A

Sporadic: VHL
Hereditary: Chromosome 3

63
Q

Three classic diagnostic features of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma)

A

CVA pain, palpable mass, hematuria

64
Q

Most common metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) is

A

Lungs (50%); Usually metastasize before giving rise to any local symptoms or signs

Pathology (5 decks)

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