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Pathology > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

“Brittle Bone Disease”

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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2
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is

A

a deficiency in synthesis of Type I Collagen.

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3
Q

How is Achondroplasia inherited?

A

AD

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4
Q

Achondroplasia is a mutation in

A

FGFR3

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5
Q

Have skeletal fragility, dental imperfections, and blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis Imperfects

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6
Q

Multinucleated Bone Cells

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

“Marble Bone Disease”

A

Osteopetrosis

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8
Q

What is Osteopetrosis?

A

Reduced bone reabsorption due to decreased Osteoclast activity (problem with Carbonic `)

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9
Q

Have Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity?

A

Osteopetrosis

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10
Q

Two types of Osteoporosis

A

Senile (Low Turn Over)

Postmenopausal (High Turn Over)

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11
Q

Three stages of Paget’s Disease

A

Osteolytic
Osteoclastic-Osteoblastic
Burnt Out Quiescent Osteosclerotic Stage

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12
Q

Hallmark is Mosaic Patter of Lamellar Bone

A

Paget Disease

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13
Q

Leontias Ossea is seen in

A

Paget Disease

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14
Q

“Chalkstick-Type Fractures” of long bones in lower extremity (like Femur)

A

Paget Disease

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15
Q

In Rickets and Osteomalacia you have a deficiency in

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

Type of fracture that communicates with skin surface

A

Compound Fracture

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17
Q

See Creeping Substitution in

A

Osteonecrosis

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18
Q

Most common bacteria that causes Osteomyelitis in

A

Staph Aureus

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19
Q

Osteomyelitis in drug abusers

A

E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella

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20
Q

Osteomyelitis in surgery or open fracture

A

Mixed

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21
Q

Osteomyelitis in neonates

A

H. influenzae and Group B Strep

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22
Q

Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease

A

Salmonella

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23
Q

Most common site of TB Osteomyelitis

A

Vertebrae (or Pott Disease)

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24
Q

Characteristic Gummas and stains with silver

A

Syphilis Osteomyelitis

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25
Q

Multiple Osteomas are seen in

A

Gardner Syndrome

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26
Q

Benign bone tumor (<2 cm) that causes severe nocturnal pain relieved by Asprin

A

Osteoid Osteoma

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27
Q

Bone tumor (>2cm) with dull, achy pain unresponsive to Asprin

A

Osteoblastoma

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28
Q

What do you NOT use to treat Osteoblastoma?

A

Radiation (becomes malignant)

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29
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor of bone is

A

Osteosarcoma

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30
Q

Most common site of Osteosarcoma

A

Knee

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31
Q

What do you see on radiologic imaging of Osteosarcoma?

A

Codman Triangle

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32
Q

Most common benign tumor is

A

Osteochondroma

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33
Q

Have a “Chicken-Wire Pattern”

A

Chondroblastoma

34
Q

What are the three types of Fibrous Dysplasia?

A

Monostatic
Polyostatic without endocrine dysfunction
Polyostatic with Cafe-au-Lait (or with endocrine dysfunction)

35
Q

Characteristic Homer-Wright Rosettes

A

Ewing Sarcoma

36
Q

Synonym for Giant Cell Tumor

A

Osteoclastoma

37
Q

“Soap Bubble” appearance on X-Ray

A

Giant Cell Tumor

38
Q

Multiple blood-filled cystic spaces

A

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

39
Q

Most common form of skeletal malignancy is

A

Metastatic Disease (or Tumors)

40
Q

Most common type of joint disease

A

Osteoarthritis

41
Q

Osteoarthritis is

A

progressive erosion of Articular Cartilage

42
Q

Characteristic Joint Mice (or loose bodies), Bone Eburnation, and Osteophytes

A

Osteoarthritis

43
Q

Deep, achy pain that WORSENS with use, morning stiffness, crepitus and limitation of ROM

A

Osteoarthritis

44
Q

Osteoarthritis affects which IP joints?

A

PIP and DIP

Also first carpometacarpal and tarsometatarsal joints!

45
Q

Characteristic Herberden Nodes (or osteophytes at DIP joints)

A

Osteoarthritis

46
Q

Characteristic Bouchard Nodes (or osteophytes at PIP joints)

A

Osteoarthritis

47
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is

A

A nonsuppurative proliferative and inflammatory synovitis that progresses to destruction of the articular cartilage and ankylosis

48
Q

Characteristic Pannus (or synovium, inflammatory cells and articular cartilage)

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

49
Q

Rheumatoid Nodules have a center of ___ and are surrounded by ___.

A

Fibrinoid Necrosis and Epithelioid Histiocytes

50
Q

Genetic predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

HLA-DRB1 or PTPN22

51
Q

What are Citrullinated Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Modified Arginine to Citruline (especially lungs)

52
Q

What is Rheumatoid Factor?

A

IgM autoantibody to Fc portion of autologous IgG (indicative of activity, but not causative)

53
Q

What is the antibody indicative of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) Antibodies

54
Q

Cytokine involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis is

A

TNF

55
Q

Symmetrical and the small joints are affected before larger ones

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

56
Q

Joints are swollen, warm, painful, and morning stiffness > 30 minutes and improving with use

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

57
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis deviation of Fingers and Wrist

A

Radial Deviation of Wrist

Ulnar Deviation of Fingers

58
Q

What hand joints does Rheumatoid Arthritis affect?

A

PIP and MCP

NO DIP

59
Q

What is Swan Neck Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Flexed DIP and Hyperextended PIP

60
Q

What is Boutonniere Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Hyperextended DIP and Flexed PIP

61
Q

Characteristic Baker’s Cyst

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

62
Q

All forms of arthritis before 16 y/o and persists for > 6 weeks

A

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

63
Q

How does JIA differ from Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A 
Oligoarthritis
Systemic Disease
Large Joints
Rheumatoid Nodules and RF are absent
ANA seropositivity
64
Q

90% of Seronegative Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis is associated with

A

HLAB27 Positive

65
Q

Episodes wax and wane for weeks to 6 months

A

Reiter Syndrome

66
Q

Characteristic “Sausage Fingers”

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

67
Q

What is Reiter Syndrome?

A

Reactive Arthritis

68
Q

What leads to Reiter Sydrome?

A

GI or GU infection

69
Q

Characteristic Granulomas

A

TB Arthritis

70
Q

Infectious agent of Lyme Arthritis

A

B. Burgdorferi

71
Q

Lyme is transmitted by

A

Ixodes Ticks

72
Q

Humans lack what enzyme used to degrade UA?

A

Uricase

73
Q

Characteristic Tophi

A

Chronic Gouty Arthritis

74
Q

90% of Gout is

A

Primary (or Idiopathic) overproduction because of an enzyme defect

75
Q

Uric Acid is the end product of

A

Purine Metabolism

76
Q

X-linked Lesch Nyhan Syndrome is caused by

A

deficiency in HGPRT causing increased de novo formation of Purines and increased UA

77
Q

Drug that can cause Gout

A

Thiazides

78
Q

Toxicity that can lead to Gout

A

Lead

79
Q

Gout is caused by precipitation of

A

Monosodium Urate (MSU) Crystals

80
Q

Crystals are long, slender and needle shaped with negative birefringence

A

Gout

81
Q

Crystals are weak positive birefringent and rhomboid shape

A

Psudo Gout

82
Q

Psudo Gout is caused by precipitation of

A

Calcium Pyrophosphate

Pathology (5 decks)

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