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Pathology > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Tx of Congenital Nipple Inversion

A

Spontaneous or Simple Traction

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2
Q

When do breasts become fully mature?

A

At onset of Pregnancy

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3
Q

Unit of Breast

A

Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit

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4
Q

Two types of Cells in Breast

A 
Myoepithelial Cells (contractile meshwork)
Luminal Epithelial Cells (produce milk)
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5
Q

Most common symptoms of Breast disease

A

Pain (Mastalgia or Mastodynia)
Palpable Mass
Nipple Discharge
Bloody or Serous Discharge

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6
Q

Discrete Palpable Masses are most common in

A

Premenopausal Women

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7
Q

Is Galactorrhea associated with malignancy?

A

No

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8
Q

Most common cause of Bloody Discharge is

A

Large Ductal Papillomas and Cysts

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9
Q

Sensitivity and Specificity of Mammogram increase with

A

Age

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10
Q

Signs of Carcinoma on Mammogram are

A

Densities & Calcifications

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11
Q

Most commonly detected as Calcifications is

A

Ductal Carcinoma in Situe (SCIS)

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12
Q

Associated with Breastfeeding

A

Acute Mastitis

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13
Q

Most common cause of Acute Mastitis

A

S. Aureus

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14
Q

Key feature of Keratinizing Squamous metaplasia of the Nipple Ducts resulting in Subareolar Mass

A

Periductal Mastitis

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15
Q

90% of Periductal Mastitis is associated with

A

Smokers because of Vitamin A Deficiency

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16
Q

Inflammation with dilation of the wall of Subareolar Ducts is

A

Mammary Duct Ectasia

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17
Q

Mammary Duct Ectasia presets with

A

Thick, white (or green/brown) discharge

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18
Q

On Mammogram, Mammary Duct Ectasia is confused for Cancer because it presents as

A

Calcification

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19
Q

Fat Necrosis is associated with

A

Trauma

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20
Q

Mammary Duct Ectasia is seen most commonly in

A

Multiparous, Postmenopausal Women

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21
Q

Lymphocystic Mastopathy (or Sclerosing Lymphocytic Lobulitis) is most common in

A

DM Type 1 or Autoimmune Thyroiditis

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22
Q

Granulomatous Mastitis (Mycobacteria or Fungi) is most common in

A

Immunocompromized or adjacent to foreign objects!

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23
Q

“Lumpy, Bumpy Breast”

A

Fibrocystic Disease

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24
Q

Blue Dome Cysts

A

Fibrocystic Disease

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25
Q

Fibrocystic Disease is most common in

A

Premenopausal women in Upper Outer Quadrant

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26
Q

Does Fibrocystic Disease increase risk for cancer?

A

No

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27
Q

Three principle morphologic changes of Fibrocystic Disease

A

Cysts, Fibrosis, Adenosis

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28
Q

Proliferative Breast Disease without Atypia that results in more than two cell layers is

A

Epithelial Hyperplasia

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29
Q

Proliferative Breast Disease without Atypia that results in increased # of acini per terminal duct (to at least double) is

A

Sclerosing Adenosis

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30
Q

Does Proliferative Breast Disease without Atypia increase risk for cancer?

A

Yes, Mild

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31
Q

Does Proliferative Breast Disease with Atypia increase risk for cancer?

A

Yes, Moderate

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32
Q

Name two Proliferative Breast Disease with Atypia

A

Atypical Ductal and Lobular Hyperplasia

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33
Q

Large Ductal Papillomas are most common in

A

Premenopausal Women

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34
Q

80% of Large Ductal Papillomas cause

A

Bloody Discharge

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35
Q

Name Three Proliferative Breast Disease without Atypia

A

Epithelial Hyperplasia
Sclerosing Adenosis
Papillomas

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36
Q

Clinical Significance of Benign Epithelial Lesions is

A

Both breasts are at increased risk for cancer, and 80% will not develop breast cancer

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37
Q

Most common Benign Breast Tumor that is sharply circumscribed and freely mobile is

A

Fibroadenoma,

benign with no increased risk of carcinoma! :)

38
Q

Popcorn Calcifications

A

Fibroadenoma

39
Q

Post renal transplant treated with Cyclosporin A will result in

A

Fibroadenoma

40
Q

Leaflike

A

Phyllodes Tumor

41
Q

EGFR amplification is seen in

A

Phyllodes Tumor

42
Q

Intralobular Stromal Tumors

A

Fibroadenoma & Phyllodes Tumor

43
Q

Phyllodes Tumor is most common in

A

Postmenopausal Women

44
Q

Fibroadenoma is most common in

A

Premenopausal Women

45
Q

If a woman lives until 90 she has a _ in _ chance of having breast cancer.

A

1/8

46
Q

Most common non-skin cancer in women is

A

Breast Cancer

47
Q

Mammograms predominantly detect

A

Small, ER + invasive carcinoma and DCIS

48
Q

Most important risk for Breast Cancer is

A

Gener (Female)

49
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool includes

A 
Age
Early Menarche (< 11 y/o increases)
Late Menopause
Age at first live birth (< 20 y/o decreases)
First Degree Relative
Atypical Hyperplasia
Race (White)
50
Q

How does Coffee affect Breast Cancer Risk?

A

Decreases

51
Q

How does heavy Alcohol use affect Breast Cancer Risk?

A

Increases

52
Q

How does Obesity affect Breast Cancer Risk?

A

< 40 Decreases

> 40 Increases

53
Q

How does breastfeeding affect Breast Cancer Risk?

A

Decreases

54
Q

Leading cause of CA deaths in women is

A

Lung Cancer

55
Q

Major risk factors for the development of Breast Cancer are

A

Hormonal & Genetic

56
Q

“Tripple Negative” Phenotype is associated with

A

BRCA 1

57
Q

Male breast cancer is more frequently associated with

A

BRCA 2

58
Q

Sporadic Breast Cancer is associated with

A

Hormone Eposure

59
Q

Majority of Breast Malignancies are

A

Adenocarcinomas

60
Q

In Situ Carcinoma is

A

limited to ducts and lobules by BM

61
Q

Most DCIS is detected as

A

Calcification on Mammogram

62
Q

5 subtypes of DCIS

A

Pleomorphic:
Comedocarcinoma

Monomorphic: 
Solid
Cribriform
Papillary 
Micropapillary
63
Q

Comedocarinoma DCIS

A

Sheets of Pleomorphic Cells that grow in the duct with necrosis and central calcification…

64
Q

DCIS that extends up ducts to skin of nipple is called

A

Paget Disease

65
Q

Unilateral erythema eruption with crust on the nipple is called

A

Paget Disease

66
Q

Paget Disease is ALWAY associated with underlying

A

cancer of the Breast

67
Q

Most common type of invasive carcinoma of the Breast is

A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

68
Q

Solid DCIS

A

Monomorphic, fills spaces

69
Q

Cribriform DCIS

A

Monomorphic, “Cookie-Cutter”

70
Q

Papillary DCIS

A

Monomorphic, Grows into spaces along fibrovascular cores that lack normal myoepithelial layer

71
Q

Micropapillary DCIS

A

Monomorphic, no fibrovascular core

72
Q

Most common form of DCIS

A

Comedocarcinoma

73
Q

Invasive carcinoma that forms duct-like structures in a desmoplastic stroma

A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

74
Q

As Invasive Ductal Carcinoma progresses it causes

A

Peau d’ Orange, or dimpling/retraction of the Nipple

75
Q

Tubular Invasive Ductal Carcinoma has how many cell types in Tubules?

A

1

76
Q

Prognosis of Tubular Invasive Ductal Carcinoma is

A

Good

77
Q

Muscinous Invasive Ductal Carcinoma presents as

A

Cancerous cells floating in Mucous

78
Q

Muscinous Invasive Ductal Carcinoma is mostly seen in

A

Elderly women

79
Q

Prognosis of Muscinous Invasive Ductal Carcinoma is

A

Good

80
Q

Inflammatory Carcinoma presents with

A

Tumors in Dermal Lymphatics

81
Q

Medullary Carcinoma presents with

A

Pushing boarders and increased risk with BRCA 1 promoter over expression

82
Q

LCIS is normally ditected

A

Incidentally

83
Q

LCIS and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma lack

A

E-cadherin, so cells appear discohesive

84
Q

Treat LCIS with

A

Tamoxifen

85
Q

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma grows in

A

Single-file pattern (or dyscohesive)

86
Q

Most important factor of prognosis is

A

Spread to Axillary Lymph Nodes

87
Q

Soft, rubbery, pale blue gelatin is

A

Mucinous Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

88
Q

Metaplastic Carcinoma (or Triple Negative Breast Cancer (No ER, PR, or HER2))

A

Poor Prognosis

89
Q

Invasive Papillary - ER + has

A

Good Prognosis

90
Q

Invasive Micropapillary - ER negative, HER 2 positive has

A

Poor Prognosis

91
Q

BRCA1 is associated with

A

Breast and ovarian Cancer

92
Q

BRCA2 is associated with

A

Breast cancer in Males

Pathology (5 decks)

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