Kidney Flashcards
What are the 8 functions of the kidneys?
- Regulation of blood ion concentration.
- Regulation of blood pH.
- Regulation of blood volume.
- Regulation of blood pressure.
- Maintenance of blood osmolarity.
- Production of hormones.
- Regulation of blood glucose.
- Excretion of waste.
What are the ions in the blood that are regulated by the kidneys?
- Ca2+.
- Cl-.
- HPO4-.
- K+.
- Na+.
How do the kidneys regulate blood pH?
Excretion of H+ ions and conservation of HCO3-.
How do the kidneys regulate blood volume?
Conserving or eliminating water in urine.
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
The secretion of renin.
How do the kidneys maintain blood osmolarity?
Regulation of solute and water loss.
What 2 hormones are produced by the kidneys?
- Calcitriol.
- Erythropoietin.
How do the kidneys regulate blood glucose?
Use glutamine in gluconeogenesis.
How do the kidneys excrete waste from the body?
Urine formation.
Where are the kidneys located?
Just cranial to the waist, between the peritoneum and posterior wall of abdomen (retroperitoneal space).
What set of ribs partially protects the kidneys?
The 11th and 12th.
How much does each kidney weigh?
~5 oz.
What is the general shape of the kidney?
Bean shaped with concave medial border facing the vertebral column.
Where is the renal hilum located?
Near the center of the concave border.
What is the renal hilum described as?
A deep vertical fissure on the medial border of the kidney.
What enters/exits the kidney at the renal hilum?
- Blood vessels.
- Lymph vessels.
- Nerves.
- Ureters.
What are the 3 layers of tissue in the kidney from innermost to outermost?
- Renal capsule.
- Adipose tissue.
- Renal fascia.
