Khrushchev - Industry 1953-1964 Flashcards
What was the virgin land schemes?
This aimed to cultivate the land in Siberia and Kazakhstan
What year did the virgin land schemes have a success?
1953
What did the success in 1953 lead to?
A campaign launching to attract farmers to settle there with 300,000 volunteers
What group was also encouraged to participate in the virgin land schemes?
The Komsomol
What were the failures of the virgin land schemes?
- bad harvest 1963
- land was worked intensely without crop rotation
- land erosion caused infertile soil
- climate conditions
When was there a bad harvest under Khrushchev?
1963 - had to import grain from North America
What were ‘state farms’?
The merging of collectives - from Kolkhozes to Sovkhozes
How many collectives were gone between 1950-1960?
Half of all collectives
What did the campaign in 1962 encourage for farming?
Chemical fertilizer
What percentage did the price for grain procurement rise?
25%
What was reduced for the industry?
- grain procurement quotas
- taxes were reduced
- quotas on private plots were cut
- collectives could set their own production targets
How much grain did Khrushchev have as a target?
180 million tons
How much grain was produced to export?
132 million tons
What were the hours of a work week?
40
What were wages like?
The differences between wages were the lowest of any industrial country
What tax was abolished?
Compulsory voluntary subscriptions
Who could now become eligible for state pensions?
Peasants
What type of homes were built?
Pre-fabricated flats - aimed at alleviating overcrowding
What could peasants buy from the MTS?
Farm machinery
How were there still privileges in society?
- non-wage payments
- access to scarce commodities
- healthcare and holidays for higher political authorities
How many owned a car in 1955 vs 1966?
2 per 1000 - 1955
5 per 1000 - 1966
How many owned a washing machine in 1955 vs 1966?
1 per 1000 - 1955
77 per 1000 - 1966
What was decentralisation?
Activities of an organization are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.
When did decentralisation begin?
1957
