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AQA History - Tsarist and Communist Russia 1855-1964 > Khrushchev - Industry 1953-1964 > Flashcards

Khrushchev - Industry 1953-1964 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the virgin land schemes?

A

This aimed to cultivate the land in Siberia and Kazakhstan

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2
Q

What year did the virgin land schemes have a success?

A

1953

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3
Q

What did the success in 1953 lead to?

A

A campaign launching to attract farmers to settle there with 300,000 volunteers

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4
Q

What group was also encouraged to participate in the virgin land schemes?

A

The Komsomol

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5
Q

What were the failures of the virgin land schemes?

A
  • bad harvest 1963
  • land was worked intensely without crop rotation
  • land erosion caused infertile soil
  • climate conditions
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6
Q

When was there a bad harvest under Khrushchev?

A

1963 - had to import grain from North America

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7
Q

What were ‘state farms’?

A

The merging of collectives - from Kolkhozes to Sovkhozes

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8
Q

How many collectives were gone between 1950-1960?

A

Half of all collectives

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9
Q

What did the campaign in 1962 encourage for farming?

A

Chemical fertilizer

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10
Q

What percentage did the price for grain procurement rise?

A

25%

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11
Q

What was reduced for the industry?

A
  • grain procurement quotas
  • taxes were reduced
  • quotas on private plots were cut
  • collectives could set their own production targets
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12
Q

How much grain did Khrushchev have as a target?

A

180 million tons

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13
Q

How much grain was produced to export?

A

132 million tons

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14
Q

What were the hours of a work week?

A

40

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15
Q

What were wages like?

A

The differences between wages were the lowest of any industrial country

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16
Q

What tax was abolished?

A

Compulsory voluntary subscriptions

17
Q

Who could now become eligible for state pensions?

A

Peasants

18
Q

What type of homes were built?

A

Pre-fabricated flats - aimed at alleviating overcrowding

19
Q

What could peasants buy from the MTS?

A

Farm machinery

20
Q

How were there still privileges in society?

A
  • non-wage payments
  • access to scarce commodities
  • healthcare and holidays for higher political authorities
21
Q

How many owned a car in 1955 vs 1966?

A

2 per 1000 - 1955
5 per 1000 - 1966

22
Q

How many owned a washing machine in 1955 vs 1966?

A

1 per 1000 - 1955
77 per 1000 - 1966

23
Q

What was decentralisation?

A

Activities of an organization are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

24
Q

When did decentralisation begin?

A

1957

25
Q

What were the issues with the Stalinist system?

A
  • Ministers in Moscow set different targets
  • too few administrators
  • enterprises were given bonuses
  • output targets measured by weight
26
Q

When was the 6th 5YP?

A

1956-1958

27
Q

Why did the 6th 5YP not work?

A

Over-optimistic targets

28
Q

What helped decentralisation in 1957?

A
  • 60 Moscow ministries abolished
  • USSR divided into 105 economic districts
29
Q

When was the 7YP announced?

A

1959

30
Q

What did the 7YP aim to do?

A
  • raise living standards
  • 40-hour workweek
  • 40% wage rise
31
Q

What did the 7YP merge into 1961-65?

A

7th 5YP

32
Q

What was the slogan of the 7YP?

A

‘catch up and take over the USA by 1970’

33
Q

What increased in the ‘modern industries’?

A
  • expansion of the chemical industry: plastics and fertilisers
  • housing: prefabricated ‘K slums’
  • Increased production of consumer goods
34
Q

What were expansions in technology?

A
  • railway lines electrified
  • ‘Sputnik’ first artificial satellite into space (1957)
  • icebreaker ‘Lenin’ launched (1959)
35
Q

When did USSR launch Sputnik I and Sputnik II?

A

1957, Sputnik II carried a dog Laika

36
Q

How much land was put under plough?

A

36 million hectares

AQA History - Tsarist and Communist Russia 1855-1964 (19 decks)

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