Alexander II - Society 1855-1881 Flashcards
1
Q
How is the term ‘class’ too modern for 19th century Russia?
A
It was still based on birth land and service - legal barriers limit social mobility
2
Q
Who were the non-productive?
A
The clergy, nobility, civil and military officials
3
Q
Who were the productive?
A
The serfs, urban artisans, manufacturers and merchants
4
Q
What were the taxes?
A
- poll tax - heads
- indirect taxes - on services and goods
5
Q
What percentage of Imperial finance did the peasants supply?
A
90%
6
Q
Who was exempt from paying direct taxes?
A
The nobility and clergy
7
Q
Who was the ‘intelligentsia’?
A
A small group of professionals who comprised an educated group
8
Q
Who were enlightened bureaucrats?
A
- Brother, Grand Duke Konstantin
- Milyutin Brothers
9
Q
Who were the Milyutin Brothers?
A
- Nikolai Milyutin was an influential voice in the ministry for Internal affairs
- Dmitry Milyutin was minister of war 1861-1881 and reformed and modernised the army
10
Q
Who was Alexander II’s tutor?
A
Zhukhovsky - a romantic poet
