khan

Question 1

kidney position

Answer 1

• lie on either side of vertebral column BETWEEN T12-L3
  
  • right kidney usually 1.5to 2 cm LOWER
• RETROPERITONEAL
• covered by a fibrous capsule

Question 2

Ureters general

Answer 2

• Carry urine to the bladder
• RETROPERITONEAL
• descends vertically anterior to the transverse processes of L2-L5
• CROSS BRIM OF PELVIS and EXTERNAL ILIAC artery to enter pelvis (where they enter bladder)
  
  • stones get stuck here

Question 3

Blood supply to ureters

Answer 3

RENAL ARTERY

SUPERIOR VESICAL ARTERY

COMMON ILIAC OR THE AORTA

Question 4

Urinary bladder blood supply

Answer 4

• Superior vesical artery
• inferior vesical artery
• Vesical venous plexus = DRAINS INTO INTERNAL ILIAC

Question 5

urinary bladder general

Answer 5

• Muscular bag vocered by smooth muscle known as DETRUSOR MUSCLE (under AUTONOMIC CONTROL)
  
  • S2, S3, S4 –> supply motor fibers (constriction of bladder)
  • sphincter urethrae is under SKELETAL MUSCLE
• ADULTS = lies in true pelvis
• INFANTS = bladder protrudes into the abdomen
• RETROPERITONEAL
• Empty bladder is shaped like a triangular pyramid
• Infections typically start in the urnary trigone (between uretor openings and opening of urethra)

Question 6

Male urethra

Answer 6

• 15-20cm long
• Extends between the bladder and the external urethral orifice in glans penis
• COMMON PASSAGE for URINE and SEMEN
• CONSISTS OF 3 parts
  
  • prostatic urethra
  • membranous urethra
  • penile urethra

Question 7

Female urethra

Answer 7

• 2-6 cm long
  
  • much shorter than males = more UTI’s
• extends between the bladder and the external urethral orifice in the vestibule of vagina

Question 8

prostate gland general

Answer 8

• Shaped like an INVERTED PYRAMID
• fibromuscular glandular tissue
• Lies between neck of bladder and urogenital diaphragm
  
  • apex of prostate rests on urogenital diaphragm
• has a FIBROUS CAPSULE
• MEDIAN LOBE –> causes BPH in men (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
  
  • pushes up and narrows urethra and puts pressure on bladder
  • causes retention of urine

Question 9

blood supply to prostate gland

Answer 9

• Arteries derived from
  
  • INTERNAL PUDENDAL
  • INFERIOR VESICAL
  • MIDDLE RECTAL
• PROSTATIC VENOUS PLEXUS DRAINS INTO INTERNAL ILIAC VEINS

Question 10

blood supply to suprarenal gland

Answer 10

• superior suprarenal aa (off of inferior phrenic)
• middle suprarenal artery (off of aorta)
• inferior suprarenal a (off of renal artery)