FANG Flashcards
1
Q
Ectopic Kidney
A
- usually just above pelvic brim
- normal size
- KINKING or TORTUOSITY of the URETERS may occur causing OBSTRUCTION and PREDISPOSING TO INFECTION (or stone formation)
2
Q
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT polcystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
A
AD-ults MINALY
- associated with genes PKD1, PKD2
- mutiple expanding cysts in the kidney that eventually destory them –> RENAL FAILURE in 50’s yo
- 4th leading cause of END-STAGE renal disease
- 1/3 of pts have associated HEPATIC CYSTs (don’t interfere with function)
-
BERRY ANEURYSMS occur in 10% of patients
- saccular aneurysms in the circle of willis –> subarachnoid hemorrhage
3
Q
Morphoogy of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
A
- Grossly enlarged, polycystic right and left kidneys
- EACH MEASURE 30cm in length (enlarged by 2.5x)
- Microscopic
- lots of space occupying cysts
- NO RECONiZable normal kidney tissue
- Cysts contain old blood giving it a dark color
4
Q
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (ARPKD)
A
CHILDHOOD
- HUGE, WHITE, smooth-surfaced kidneys at birth
- cysts 1-2mm in diameter develop from the COLLECTING DUCTS
- associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis
5
Q
SIMPLE CYSTS
A
- Cortical
- Incidental, asymptomatic (not generally clinically significant)
- VERY VERY VERY COMMON
- as long as small it doesn’t matter (less than 5cm)
6
Q
Pathogenesis of GLOMERULAR DISEASE
A
- Antibodies against NATIVE GBM
- antibodies against “planted antigens
- Trapping of Ag-AB complexes
- antibodies against glomerular cells (mesangial cells, podocytes, etc)
- cell mediated immunity (ie sensitized T-cells as in TB)
7
Q
what are the 3 main clinical renal syndromes
A
-
Acute renal failure
-
tubule injury in most cases
- OLIGURIA + rapid rise in serum creatinine
-
tubule injury in most cases
-
NephrOTIC syndrome
-
Glomerulus injury
- severe proteinuria
-
Glomerulus injury
-
NephrITIC syndrome
-
Glomerulus injury
- HEMATURIA
-
Glomerulus injury
