Keywords 2 - Communication and Internet Technologies Flashcards
Bit rate
The rate at which data is transferred
Serial transmission
Using a single wire to transmit data
Parallel transmission
Using multiple wires to transmit data
Interference
Disturbances that can occur in the signals when sending data that may disrupt transmission
USB
Universal Serial Bus, a high speed data transmission method
IC
Integrated Circuit
Microprocessor
A small computer built in to devices at the point of manufacture (e.g. washing machine, microwave)
Simplex transmission
Sending data in one direction at a time
Duplex transmission
Sending data in both directions at the same time
Half-duplex transmission
Sending data in both directions, but only one direction at a time
Checksum
A simple method of error detection in which the checksum confirms whether the same number of bits have been transmitted and received
Parity check
An error detection method which uses a parity bit to check that data has been sent and received accurately
Parity bit
The last bit of data on a packet which is used to check that data has been sent and received accurately
Check digit
An error detection method used on identification numbers (e.g. barcodes, ISBN, bank account numbers)
Automatic repeat request (ARQ)
A set of rules for error control when sending data
Hacker
A person who tries to gain unauthorised access to a computer system
Malware
A software program designed to damage or disrupt a computer system
Virus
A software program designed to corrupt a computer and the files on it
Spyware
A software program that collects user’s information through their internet connection
Hacking
Gained unauthorised access to a computer system
Black hat hacker
A hacker who gains unlawful access to a computer system
White hat hacker
A hacker who gains lawful access to a computer system to expose security problems (usually at the request of an organisation)
Firewall
A system that protects unauthorised access to or from a computer or network
Modem
A hardware device that converts data so that it can be transmitted from computer to computer over telephone wires
Browser
A program used to access the World Wide Web that displays HTML files
Packet
A unit of data that can be sent across a network
Protocol
An agreed format or set of rules for transmitting data
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (encrypted)
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
DDOS attack
Distributed Denial of Service attack
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
Hypertext
Text that conveys information and also contains a link to other informationn (e.g. webpafge, audio, video, image)
IP address
The network address for a device
URL
Uniform Resource Locator (the web address)
MAC address
Media Access Control address (the unique and permanent hardware address of a device, assigned by the manufacturer)
Cookie
A tiny piece of data downloaded by a computer when it visits a website
