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Alevel Biology > Key Words : Topic One > Flashcards

Key Words : Topic One Flashcards

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1
Q

Systole

A

The heart contracting and pumping out blood

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2
Q

Diastole

A

The heart relaxing and filling with blood

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3
Q

Septum

A

The part of the heart that separates the left (oxygenated) and right (deoxygenated) sides of the heart

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4
Q

Atheroma

A

A buildup of fatty deposits

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

The process of plaque forming in the walls of the arteries leading to increased blood pressure

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6
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The protein found in red blood cells which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

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7
Q

Thrombosis

A

The formation of a blood clot which prevents blood from flowing normally through the circulatory system

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8
Q

Thromboplastin

A

Activates an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin

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9
Q

Prothrombin

A

A protein that converts into the enzyme thrombin

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10
Q

Thrombin

A

Catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

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11
Q

Fibrinogen

A

The soluble molecule that gets converted into fibrin

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12
Q

Fibrin

A

The Insoluble molecule that fibrinogen is converted into

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13
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

A heart attack

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14
Q

Collagen

A

A structural protein - includes tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles

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15
Q

Endothelium

A

The type of cells which line the surface of blood and lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

Atria

A

The two upper chambers of the heart

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17
Q

Ventricles

A

The two lower chambers of the heart

18
Q

Aorta

A

The blood vessel which transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

19
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

The blood vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

20
Q

Vena cava

A

The blood vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

21
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

The blood vessel which transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

22
Q

Cholesterol

A

A type of lipid and structural component of animal cell membranes

23
Q

Platelets

A

Fragments of red blood cells - a component of the blood

24
Q

Risk

A

The probability that an event will occur. Probability of an unfavourable outcome.

25
Q

Cohort study

A

Follow a large group of people over time to see who develops the disease and who does not

26
Q

Case-control studies

A

A group of people with a disease. cases are compared with a control group of people who do not have the disease

27
Q

Validity

A

The extent of which you get the results you should

28
Q

Reliability

A

The degree of stability exhibited when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions

29
Q

Precision

A

Measurements that have little spread around the mean are said to be precise

30
Q

Accuracy

A

A measurement that is close to the true value

31
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

32
Q

Oedema

A

When there is a build up of fluid in the tissue leading to swelling

33
Q

Double circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice - oxygenated + deoxygenated

34
Q

Lumen

A

The channel in the blood vessel which blood passes through

35
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simplest form of sugar and the most basic unit of carbohydrates

36
Q

Disaccharide

A

When two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond - soluble in water

37
Q

Amylose

A

A polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units. is one of the two components of starch

38
Q

Glycogen

A

The insoluble molecule which stores energy in animals

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

A type of lipid found in the blood. stored in fat cells. released by hormones between meals for energy

40
Q

Phospholipid

A

A class of lipid which makes up the cell membrane. - can form lipid bilayers

41
Q

Condensation reaction

A

The reaction which joins two monomers and releases water

42
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

The reaction which involves water being introduced to split two covalently bonded monosaccharides

Alevel Biology (6 decks)

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