Key Words : Topic One

Question 1

Systole

Answer 1

The heart contracting and pumping out blood

Question 2

Diastole

Answer 2

The heart relaxing and filling with blood

Question 3

Septum

Answer 3

The part of the heart that separates the left (oxygenated) and right (deoxygenated) sides of the heart

Question 4

Atheroma

Answer 4

A buildup of fatty deposits

Question 5

Atherosclerosis

Answer 5

The process of plaque forming in the walls of the arteries leading to increased blood pressure

Question 6

Haemoglobin

Answer 6

The protein found in red blood cells which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

Question 7

Thrombosis

Answer 7

The formation of a blood clot which prevents blood from flowing normally through the circulatory system

Question 8

Thromboplastin

Answer 8

Activates an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin

Question 9

Prothrombin

Answer 9

A protein that converts into the enzyme thrombin

Question 10

Thrombin

Answer 10

Catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 11

Fibrinogen

Answer 11

The soluble molecule that gets converted into fibrin

Question 12

Fibrin

Answer 12

The Insoluble molecule that fibrinogen is converted into

Question 13

Myocardial infarction

Answer 13

A heart attack

Question 14

Collagen

Answer 14

A structural protein - includes tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles

Question 15

Endothelium

Answer 15

The type of cells which line the surface of blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 16

Atria

Answer 16

The two upper chambers of the heart

Question 17

Ventricles

Answer 17

The two lower chambers of the heart

Question 18

Aorta

Answer 18

The blood vessel which transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 19

Pulmonary artery

Answer 19

The blood vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 20

Vena cava

Answer 20

The blood vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 21

Pulmonary vein

Answer 21

The blood vessel which transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 22

Cholesterol

Answer 22

A type of lipid and structural component of animal cell membranes

Question 23

Platelets

Answer 23

Fragments of red blood cells - a component of the blood

Question 24

Risk

Answer 24

The probability that an event will occur. Probability of an unfavourable outcome.

Question 25

Cohort study

Answer 25

Follow a large group of people over time to see who develops the disease and who does not

Question 26

Case-control studies

Answer 26

A group of people with a disease. cases are compared with a control group of people who do not have the disease

Question 27

Validity

Answer 27

The extent of which you get the results you should

Question 28

Reliability

Answer 28

The degree of stability exhibited when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions

Question 29

Precision

Answer 29

Measurements that have little spread around the mean are said to be precise

Question 30

Accuracy

Answer 30

A measurement that is close to the true value

Question 31

Hypertension

Answer 31

High blood pressure

Question 32

Oedema

Answer 32

When there is a build up of fluid in the tissue leading to swelling

Question 33

Double circulatory system

Answer 33

A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice - oxygenated + deoxygenated

Question 34

Lumen

Answer 34

The channel in the blood vessel which blood passes through

Question 35

Monosaccharide

Answer 35

Simplest form of sugar and the most basic unit of carbohydrates

Question 36

Disaccharide

Answer 36

When two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond - soluble in water

Question 37

Amylose

Answer 37

A polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units. is one of the two components of starch

Question 38

Glycogen

Answer 38

The insoluble molecule which stores energy in animals

Question 39

Triglyceride

Answer 39

A type of lipid found in the blood. stored in fat cells. released by hormones between meals for energy

Question 40

Phospholipid

Answer 40

A class of lipid which makes up the cell membrane. - can form lipid bilayers

Question 41

Condensation reaction

Answer 41

The reaction which joins two monomers and releases water

Question 42

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 42

The reaction which involves water being introduced to split two covalently bonded monosaccharides