Functions of organelles Flashcards
Whats the function of the Nucleus?
controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA, which contains the instructions on how to make proteins
whats the function of Nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes
whats Chromatin?
a substance made from DNA and proteins + the chemical that leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores during protein synthesis
what are Nuclear pores and what is their function?
Small openings in the nuclear envelope that allow the chromatin to leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm
whats the function of the Nuclear envelope?
the double membrane surrounding the nucleus, which separates it from the cytoplasm and the rest of the cell
Whats the function of the Plasma Membrane?
separates the cells internal structures from the surrounding area
How do substances move in and out of cells? (6)
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
- Active transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
What is the main component of the plasma membrane, how does it form and what does the membrane contain?
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Formed by two layers of molecules where the hydrophillic heads face outwards and the hydrophobic tails inwards.
- contains cholesterol, proteins, phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids and protein channels
Whats the Mitochondria’s function?
oval shaped and act as the site of aerobic respiration where ATP energy is produces.
Whats the mitochondria’s structure?
a double membrane where the inner one is folded to form cristae. inside is the matrix containing enzymes involved in respiration
whats the nuclear envelope?
the double membrane surrounding the nucleus
whats rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. the surface is covered in ribosomes
whats smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space with NO ribosomes on the surface
whats the function of SER?
synthesis and to process lipids
whats the function of RER?
folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes
What are vacuoles and what is their function?
membranous sacs used to store water, nutrients and waste materials of the cell before it gets rid of them
What are golgi apparatus?
A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs.
what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
what are golgi vesicles?
formed from endoplasmic reticulum and packages complex molecules and either stores of transports them
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are round organisms with no clear internal structure contain digestive enzymes, and are kept separate from the cytoplasm by their surrounding membranes.
whats the function of lysosomes?
They can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell
function of cell walls?
the protective, semi-permeable layer which give structure and strength to the cell whilst allowing the filtered movement of molecules into and out of the cell. The cell wall is made up of cellulose.
what is cytoplasm?
Jelly like substance that fills the area between the nucleus and cell membrane
whats the function of cytoplasm?
Cellular activities occur
Gives cell support and shape
