key words, stats etc Flashcards
Asch’s line study results
- 75% conformed atleast once
- 25% never conformed
- 5% conformed in all critical trials
- 33% overall conformity rate
reasons ppts conform
distortion perception, distortion judgement, distortion of action
asch study variations
group size, unanimity, and task difficulty
SPE results
- guards became increasingly aggressive
- many prisoners became mentally and emotionally distressed and showed signs of deindividuation (referring to themselves as numbers)
variables affecting conformity strengths
confederates acted convincingly
variables affecting conformity limitations
gender bias (all male ppts) , ethical issues (psych harm), ecological validity (artificial task)
dispositional hypothesis
innate nature, personality of people, guards are ‘bad seeds’
situational hypothesis
brutality is due to the environmental conditions of the prison
conformity to social roles limitations
not mindless conformity (depends on social norms), ethical issues (psych harm), demand characteristics may have occurred
conformity to social roles strengths
real world applications (Abu Ghraib), conducted ethically (approved by ethics committee
obedience
type of social influence causing a person to act in response to an order given by another person who usually has authority or power
Asch’s aim
to see if people will conform in unambiguous situations
Zimbardo’s aim
to investigate how people would conform to the social roles of prisoners and guards and to test each hypothesis
Milgram’s aims
to see if people obey orders against their own morality
Milgram’s findings
65% of ppts went up to 450v, all ppts went up to 300v and only 5 stopped there, ppts showed signs of distress through sweating, laughing and fidgeting
Milgram’s conclusions
most people will obey an authority figure even if it goes against their own moral code
obedience limitations
Lacks population validity (40 white USA males), ethical issues (deception +psych harm), lacks eco validity (at Yale w an artificial task)
obedience: ppts were female
remained 65% although women reported feeling more stressed
obedience: proximity
- teacher and learner in room: 40%
- touch proximity: 30%
- experimenter absent: 21%
obedience: location
moved From Yale to rundown office, dropped to 48% less powerful authority due to lack of association with yale
uniform- Bushman 1988
stopped ppl in the street asking them to give change to someone for parking
- police: 72%
- businesswomen: 48%
- beggar: 52%
