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Theory and Methods > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

What does anomie mean?

A

It’s a key word used by Durkheim to describe the breakdown of social expectations and behaviour

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2
Q

What does Collective conscience mean?

A

Shared norms and values in society working towards the same goal

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3
Q

What does criminologic capitalism mean?

A

Capitalism creates crime by its nature as unequal

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4
Q

What does dependency culture mean?

A

When individuals are reliant om the state to provide for them rather then working.

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5
Q

What does determinism mean?

A

Everything is caused by something, there’s an inate behaviour and no free will

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6
Q

What’s dysfunction plus an example?

A

When a function disrupts social order eg the spread of MRA in hospitals

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7
Q

What’s dual systems?

A

The combination of two key ideas eg the combination of capitalism and patriarchy to examine the oppression of women

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8
Q

What’s the economic base?

A

The Marxist idea that everything in society relates back to money and other agencies such as family which are all part of the superstructure benefiting the capitalist system

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9
Q

What’s economic determinism?

A

The relation of everything to money

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10
Q

Whats functional prerequisites?

A

The basic needs or requirements that must be met if society is to survive

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11
Q

What’s feminist stand point epistemology?

A

This argues that women have a unique insight into the social world by virtue of being an oppressed group

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12
Q

What’s falsification?

A

The act of disproving a theory or hypothesis

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13
Q

What’s globalisation?

A

Better methods of communication allow goods, k owledge and services to cross distances and national borders easily

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14
Q

Whats hegemonic curtains?

A

The idea and values of the ruling class are hidden by the creation of moral panics and the fear of something other then capitalism

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15
Q

What are human rights?

A

The rights that belong to every person

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16
Q

What’s ideological functions?

A

Has the job of passing on the ideology agencies such as the police have these roles.

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17
Q

What’s interpretivism?

A

Validity

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18
Q

What are latent functions?

A

The unintended consequences of the function

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19
Q

What is looking glass self?

A

Cooleys idea that we have something called the self which is our view of who we are. Our sense of self comes from how others see and treat us.

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20
Q

What’s logics in use?

A

This refers to how they do their investigations which can involve short cuts, interpreting data to suit their theroy ignoring contradictory data or even inventing their findings.

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21
Q

What are meta narratives?

A

Grand theories of sociology such as Marxism and feminism which seek to explain the behaviours of groups using blanket theories.

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22
Q

What are manifest functions?

A

The intended consequences of the functions

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23
Q

What is a master status?

A

When people are looked at by others solely on the basis of one type of act which they have commited all other aspects of the person are ignored.

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24
Q

What does operationallise mean?

A

To turn a sociological concept into something which is measurable

25
Q

What does objective mean?

A

Research that is conducted without bias

26
Q

What does Opportunism mean?

A

Commiting an act in the spur of the moment as there is a chance to do so.

27
Q

What does parentocracy mean?

A

Rule by parents

28
Q

What does padigram mean?

A

A framework containing the basic assumptions, ways of thinking and methodology that are commonly accepted by members of a scientific community.

29
Q

What is the private sphere?

A

The world of household, family and friends.

30
Q

What is the public sphere?

A

The world outside the home employment alongside the economic and political system

31
Q

What is primary deviance?

A

The act is breaking a rule

32
Q

What is povitism?

A

Reliability

33
Q

What is phenomenology?

A

A theory common sense assumptions and assessing why they are believed

34
Q

What is poststructural feminism?

A

The idea that feminism is based on white middle class and post structural celebrate the differences between women

35
Q

What is political lesbianism?

A

The idea that women should form same sex relationships in order to avoid the oppression of men

36
Q

What are perverse incentives?

A

When policy rewards anti social behaviour such as council houses for teen mums.

37
Q

What is reconstructed logic?

A

After experiments have taken place theorists write up their work as it should have been done

38
Q

What is a risk society?

A

Becks idea that with progress comes man made risk and we now experience risk from the impact of globalisastion etc

39
Q

What is systemic bias?

A

The way in which results and ideas can be swayed by the deliberate acts of individuals.

40
Q

What is strain theory?

A

A theory that suggests there is a lack of balance and adjustment within society. The inequality between individuals.

41
Q

What is symbolisastion?

A

To represent something by using another image idea etc

42
Q

What is the superstructure?

A

The economic system according to Marxists, this consists of the economic base, law, policy, education system and the family

43
Q

What’s selective law enforcement?

A

Agents of social control punishment some individuals and not others based on profiling

44
Q

What is secondary deviance?

A

The reaction to an act of rule breaking which can be worse then the act itself.

45
Q

What is the spiral of denial?

A

Cohen argues that this is a way that the state justifys crimes committed by them by using techniques of neutralisation

46
Q

What is sex role theory?

A

Explanations based on the restricted roles that women have in society.

47
Q

What is social capital?

A

The extent of social networks

48
Q

What is social change?

A

Alteration to the social order in society.

49
Q

What is social exclusion?

A

When individuals are left on the outskirts of society both socially and economically

50
Q

What is structuralism?

A

This is concerned with the overall structure of society and the ways that social institutions like the family act as a constraint on or limit or control behaviour

51
Q

What is surplus value?

A

The value added to a product by the workers input

52
Q

What are sexual politics?

A

The idea that politics occur in every aspects of life and that the patriarchy is politics between men and women.

53
Q

What’s social action?

A

The belief that we can shape our destiny through our own behaviour

54
Q

What’s subjective?

A

Research is impacted by values and preconceived ideas of the researcher with bias.

55
Q

What’s social desirability?

A

Respondents/participants will act in a way which will show them in a positive light. This may impact on the validity of the research.

56
Q

What does tautological mean?

A

The explanation is the same as the defonition

57
Q

Whats value freedom?

A

Value free research means there is no personal influence or bias in the investigation. It’s objective.

58
Q

What’s value laden?

A

There is a bias within the investigation. Subjective.

Theory and Methods (11 decks)

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