KEY TERMS: the development gap Flashcards
GDP (gross domestic profit)
the total value of goods and services a country produces per year. (often in $) it is a measure of wealth
GNI (gross national income) / GNP (gross national profit)
the total value of goods and services people of that nationality produce per year (GDP+ people living abroad) (often in $) it is a measure of wealth
GNI per head / GNI per capita
this is the GNI divide by the population of a country.
birth rate
the number of people born per thousand of the population per year. it is a measure of human rights
death rate
the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
infant mortality rate
the number of babies who die under the age of 1 per thousand. it is a measure of health
people per doctor
the average number of people for everyone 1 doctor. it is a measure of health
literacy rate
the percentage of adults who can read and write. it is a measure of education
access to safe water
the percentage of people who can access clean water. it is a measure of health
life expendency
the average age a person is expect to live to-it born at time of measurement. it is a measure of health
HDI (human development index)
the number that’s calculated using life expendency, literacy rate, education level and income per head
quality of life index
an average of 3 social factors: literacy rate, life expendency, and infant mortality. (happiness and opportunity)
standard of living
the ecomonic level of someone’s daily life (MONEY)
global inequality
the level of development around the world is unequal
drought
when there is little or no rainfall, over a long period of time, in an area, meaning the land will dry up, and there is little available water
desertification
land degradation caused by land drying out as a result of climate change and human activities
natural hazard
physical events which have the capacity to effect peoples lives
trade
the exchange of goods and services between countries
imports
goods which are brought into a country from an outside source
exports
goods which are sold to places outside the national border
primary products
products which are produces without manufacturing (e.g. fruit)
secondary products
goods which require manufacturing, processing and construction
visible goods
the trade of goods which are actual things (e.g. TV’s)
invisible goods
the trade of services rather than goods (e.g. insurance)
interdependence
dependant upon other for some needs
micro enterprise (micro credit)
giving
conservation swaps
reduces money owed in exchange for areas being protected (e.g. USA & Brazilian rainforest)
fair trade minimum
the minimum price a buyer can pay for fair trade products. this price is negotiated with producers
fair trade premium
the additional sum paid on top of the minimum price to give communities money to invest in democratically selected development projects (profit!)
trade blocs
a type of intergovernmental agreement where regional barriers to trade are reduced or eliminated among the participating states
aid
the giving of resources, trading, or money to assist developing nations to develop
donor
the country or place from which the aid originates (the giving country)
recipient
the country or place which receives the aid
bilateral aid
aid given between 2 governments
multilateral aid
when governments give money to international agencies(e.g. the untied nations) - each one has a particular interest
non governmental organisations aid (NGO’s)
charities funded by industrialized governments
trickle down aid
aid given to governments, often means the aid does not reach the poorest people
bottom up aid
aid given to the poorest in the country so they can make a difference to their lives
economic core
the wealthiest countries with the most advanced industry , services, and best communication in Europe
economic periphery
the countries on the outskirts of Europe, these are the poorest
the common agricultural policy (CAP)
a system of subsides or money paid to farmer - often the poorest people in the EU
the European bank investment
the bank of the EU provides finance and expertise for sustainable investment projects in the EU and beyond
Urban 11 fund
money paid to struggling cities with economic and social problems
structural funds
the way the EU narrows gaps in development among member states (designed to bring economic core and periphery closer together)
