KEY TERMS - restless earth

Question 1

crust

Answer 1

the outer layer of the earth

Question 2

plate

Answer 2

a section of the earths crust

Question 3

plate margin

Answer 3

the boundary of where 2 plates meet

Question 4

mantle

Answer 4

the dense mostly solid layer between the outer core and crust

Question 5

convection currents

Answer 5

the circular currents of heat in the mantle

Question 6

inner core

Answer 6

the centre of the earth, it is very hot here (7000 degrees C)

Question 7

outer core

Answer 7

the outer core which surrounds the inner core

Question 8

syncline

Answer 8

where there is a down fold in the rock

Question 9

anticline

Answer 9

where there is a up fold in the rock

Question 10

overfold

Answer 10

occurs when there is more pressure from one direction causing the rock to fold over (it overfolds!)

Question 11

focus

Answer 11

the actual place where the plates move under the ground

Question 12

epicentre

Answer 12

directly above the focus, on the surface

Question 13

seismometer

Answer 13

the instrument that measures the earths movement

Question 14

seismograph

Answer 14

the “drawing” which shows the earths movement on paper

Question 15

Richter scale

Answer 15

the scale which measures the earthquakes strength

Question 16

magnitude

Answer 16

the strength of the quake

Question 17

primary effects

Answer 17

things that happen as a result directly after the event (e.g. deaths, damage to buildings)

Question 18

secondary effects

Answer 18

things that happen as a result in the days, and months following (e.g. power cuts, disease outbreaks)

Question 19

LIC

Answer 19

Low Income Country

Question 20

HIC

Answer 20

High Income Country

Question 21

immediate responses

Answer 21

what is done to aid a situation directly after the event (short term) (e.g. water purification tablets, temporary camps)

Question 22

long term responses

Answer 22

what is done to aid a situation over a long period of time (e.g. rebuilding schools, and early warning systems)

Question 23

3 p’s

Answer 23

prediction, protection, preparation

Question 24

prediction

Answer 24

pre empting an event

Question 25

protection

Answer 25

e.g. constructing buildings that will not collapse easily

Question 26

preparation

Answer 26

e.g. organising activities/drills so people know what to do in the event of an disaster (like an earthquake)

Question 27

tsunami

Answer 27

a wave train or series of waves where the entire depth of the sea or ocean is set in motion by an event- normally an earthquake- which displaces the water above and creates a huge wave

Question 28

zone of subduction

Answer 28

where 1 plate is dragged/pushed under another causing stress at a destructive plate boundary, during the formation of ocean trenches

Question 29

destructive plate boundaries

Answer 29

one plate descends under another via subduction.

Question 30

constructive plate boundaries

Answer 30

2 plates move apart

Question 31

collision plate boundary

Answer 31

2 plates moving toward each other causing earth to buckle

Question 32

conservation boundary

Answer 32

2 plates sliding past one another

Question 33

magma chamber

Answer 33

where the magma is stored underground

Question 34

fumarole

Answer 34

a small vent which lets out hot gases

Question 35

main vent

Answer 35

where most the magma rises through and goes to creator from magma chamber (magma joins from other places)

Question 36

parasitic cone

Answer 36

small vent

Question 37

crater

Answer 37

a bowl shaped depression at the top of the volcano

Question 38

lava flow

Answer 38

the molten rock “river” which flows down the side of a volcano

Question 39

volcanic bombs

Answer 39

chunks of molten lava thrown into the air ( can be as big as a car)

Question 40

stream, gas, and ash

Answer 40

clouds of this can be emitted from the volcano

Question 41

continental plate

Answer 41

a thick plate which is less dense than oceanic crust and is not submerged

Question 42

oceanic plate

Answer 42

a thin plate more dense than continental crust normally submerged by water

Question 43

fold mountains

Answer 43

created by 2 plates pushing together

Question 44

ocean trenches

Answer 44

formed by 1 plate submerging under another

Question 45

ocean ridges

Answer 45

underwater volcanos

Question 46

mercalli scale

Answer 46

measure of an earthquake using observation

Question 47

super volcano

Answer 47

volcanos which are 1000 times bigger than the average volcano

Question 48

caldera

Answer 48

creator on the earths surface formed after super volcano