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PMP > Key Terms and Introduction to Project Management > Flashcards

Key Terms and Introduction to Project Management Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between Projects and Operations

A

Projects are temporary and unique, whereas operations have no start date, no end date and are not unique

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2
Q

Progressive Elaboration

A

Discovering greater levels of detail as the project moves toward completion

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3
Q

Examples of phase gates

A

Phase reviews, stage gates, kill points

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4
Q

Phase gates

A

Held at the end of each phase of a project to determine if the project is meeting its goals and if the project should continue

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5
Q

Process Group

A

A set of processes the project manager may be doing at a certain time; initiating, planning, executing, monitoring & controlling and closing

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6
Q

Program

A

A collection of projects containing a common goal managed by a program manager.

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7
Q

Portfolio

A

A collection of projects and programs that are implemented to achieve a strategic business goal managed by a portfolio manager; identify, prioritize, authorize, manage and control a collection of projects and programs

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8
Q

Three baselines that you measure the performance of the project against

A

Scope, time and cost (aka budget)

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9
Q

Baselines

A

The original plan plus all approved changes

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10
Q

Project governance

A

The framework, functions and processes that a company will follow in order to complete a project

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11
Q

Supportive PMO

A

Supports the project manager by providing templates and training; low authority on the project

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12
Q

Controlling PMO

A

Supports the project manager by giving them a particular framework they need to follow and templates they will have to use; moderate authority on the project

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13
Q

Directive PMO

A

Direct the project manager on what they should be doing, and is generally in control of the project; the project manager will report to the PMO and the PMO is usually high in authority

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14
Q

Project Coordinator

A

A stakeholder who cannot make budget decisions, but can assign resources; common in functional or weak matrix organizations

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15
Q

Project Expeditor

A

A stakeholder who has less power over a project than either a PM or a coordinator; help to organize the project work and have no power or responsibility to follow a budget; staff with no formal authority

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16
Q

Organic or simple organizational structure

A

Tends to involve a small business where the role of the project manager does not exist; Project management is often part time and the organization owner or operator controls most of the budgets; small businesses’ and start ups

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17
Q

Virtual Organizational Structure

A

Project management is done virtually using different types of computer technology such as virtual meetings and chats

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18
Q

Functional Organization

A

Resources are controlled and managed by a functional manager, even the project manager. When the project is done, the resource goes back to their function

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19
Q

Virtual Organizational Structure | PM’s Role

A

Project manager’s authority is low to moderate and they will share resources with the functional manager; project management can be either full or part time

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20
Q

Functional Organization | PM’s Role

A

Project manager has very little power. Project management is part time and is done when you have extra time in the day

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21
Q

Project Oriented Organization

A

Business where the project manager controls all of the resources and there are no functional managers

22
Q

Project Oriented Organization | PM’s Role

A

PM has 100% control of the resources

Full-time position for the PM

23
Q

Matrix Organizational Structure

A

Middle ground between the functional and the project oriented organizations

24
Q

Weak Matrix | PM’s Role

A

PM has a little more power than he/she did in the functional organization, but power is still low and is managed by the functional manager

25
Q

Balanced Matrix | PM’s Role

A

PM’s power is almost equal to the functional manager for the control of resources; full time project management

26
Q

Strong Matrix | PM’s Role

A

PM has the most power over resources; full time project management; PM’s power is moderate to high - there is a functional manager but with very little power

27
Q

Hybrid Organizational Structure

A

When a company uses more than one of the different types of structures

28
Q

Organic or Simple - Project Manager’s Authority

A

Little or none

29
Q

Virtual Org Structure - Project Manager’s Authority

A

Low to moderate

30
Q

Functional Org - Project Manager’s Authority

A

Little or none

31
Q

Project Oriented - Project Manager’s Authority

A

High to full control

32
Q

Weak Matrix - Project Manager’s Authority

A

Low

33
Q

Balanced Matrix - Project Manager’s Authority

A

Low to moderate

34
Q

Strong Matrix - Project Manager’s Authority

A

Moderate to high

35
Q

Organic or Simple - Who Controls the Resources

A

Owner

36
Q

Virtual Org - Who Controls the Resources

A

Mixed

37
Q

Functional Org - Who Controls the Resources

A

Functional Manager

38
Q

Project Oriented Org - Who Controls the Resources

A

Project manager

39
Q

Weak Matrix - Who Controls the Resources

A

Functional manager

40
Q

Balanced Matrix - Who Controls the Resources

A

Shared

41
Q

Strong Matrix - Who Controls the Resources

A

Project manager

42
Q

Organic or Simple Org - PM’s Work Shift

A

Little or no time

43
Q

Virtual Org - PM’s Work Shift

A

Full time or part-time

44
Q

Functional - PM’s Work Shift

A

Part time

45
Q

Project Oriented - PM’s Work Shift

A

Full time

46
Q

Weak Matrix - PM’s Work Shift

A

Part time

47
Q

Balanced matrix - PM’s Work Shift

A

Part time

48
Q

Strong Matrix - PM’s Work Shift

A

Full time

49
Q

Constraint

A

All projects are constrained by their scope, time, cost, quality, resources and risk, i.e., all projects are limited to these things; includes customer satisfaction

50
Q

Project governance

A

The management framework in which project decisions are made; the role is to provide a decision making framework that is logical, robust and repeatable to govern an organization’s capital investments.

PMP (7 decks)

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