Key Terms Flashcards
(36 cards)
What does the term “Knowledge Gaps” refer to in research?
Absence of theoretical/scientific knowledge to the phenomenon of interest
Epistemology is the study of _____.
Truth/What is known to be true.
Methodology is:
A set of rules or guidelines that direct knowledge acquisition/research
This viewpoint believes that a material world exists, and that it CAN be explained/observed/categorized.
Post-positivism
This viewpoint believes that reality is based on perspective and the world is a subjective place, without absolute truth.
Constructivism.
Constructivists believe that truth comes from:
Lived experiences or understandings
What is inductive reasoning?
Starting with specific details and moving to a broader conclusion.
“All my German friends spit when they speak, therefore all Germans must spit when they speak.”
What is deductive reasoning?
Starting with a broad understanding and applying it to specific circumstances.
“All humans eventually die, you are a human. You will eventually die.”
What is the difference between a null, directional and non-directional hypothesis?
Directional - specifies an expected direction of relationship between the independent + dependent variables. (positive or negative)
Non-directional - Specifies a relationship between variables, but of unknown direction. (Positive or negative)
Null-hypothesis - Specifies that Ø relationship exists between variables.
What is Data Saturation?
When you have lots of information/findings and they become repetitive. Ø new ideas forming from observation.
What is Purposive sampling?
Consciously selecting specific individuals for study who can elucidate the phenomena of interest.
What is inclusion criteria mean when selecting research participants. Give an example.
Criteria that MUST be met to take part in the research study (HIV+, pregnant, elderly, etc).
What is Triangulation of data mean?
The use of a variety of data sources in the study.
facilitates validation of data through cross verification from two or more sources
What is investigatory triangulation?
The collaboration of several researchers on a specific topic.
What is theory triangulation?
The use of multiple perspectives to analyze and understand data.
WHat is a Metasynthesis?
The integration of many studies on a single topic to better understand the topic of interest.
WHat is the aim of phenomenology?
The describe a specific phenomenon of interest. “What is the meaning of pain in patients with Fibromyalgia?”
WHat is the grounded theory method?
Systematic set of procedures used to explore the social processes that guide human interaction.
The generation of a theory from systematic research***
What is an Ethnographic Method?What is it’s purpose?
The study of cultures with the purpose of understanding their cultural norms and beliefs.
What are etic and emic views?
Etic - outsider’s view of a culture
Emic - Insider’s view of the world around them
What is a case study? what makes it different than other studies?
Studying the peculiarities and commonalities of a specific case over time. It is different from other studies because it only looks at a SPECIFIC individual case.
What is an extraneous variable?
An interference with the operations of the phenomena/study. (Age, gender, religion, etc).
What is Internal Validity?
“How well the experiment is done”. The greater the accuracy of the study based upon circumstances surrounding the study.
What factors might affect internal validity?
S.H.I.T.A.M.
S - Selection bias (Pretreatment differences between participants/anything that increases bias)
H - History (Events which can affect dependent variable)
I - Instrumentation effects (Changes in recording methods)
T - Testing effects (Changes in results due to multiple testing)
A - Attrition (Withdrawal from study, disinterest)
M - Mortality (Participants/researcher kicks the bucket)
