FINAL EXAM GUIDE PART II Flashcards
\_\_\_ is used to hold steady the conditions of the study. A/ Reliability B/ Control C/ Maturation D/ Accuracy
B/ Control
\_\_\_ is used to indicate that all aspects of a study logically follow from the problem statement. A/ Control B/ Selection bias C/ Internal Validity D/ Accuracy
D/ Accuracy
The believability of a study in terms of the world in general is known as: A/ Internal Validity B/ External Validity C/ Selection Bias D/ Constancy
B/ External Validity
it is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people.
Time, participant availability, equipment, money, experience are factors influencing the \_\_\_\_ of a study. A/ Feasibility B/ Accuracy C/ Reliability D/ Maturation
A/ Feasibility (Is it possible?)
Voluntary assignment to an experimental or control group condition creates a situation known as \_\_\_\_\_. A/ Control B/ Selection bias C/ Reliability D/ External Validity
B/ Selection Bias
Explain whether the following is Experimental or Quasi Experimental.
50 Teen moms are randomly assigned to an experimental parenting support group or regular support group. Before and at the end of the 3 month programs, mother-child interaction patterns are examined and compared.
Experimental
Experimental designs provide the research with control. (Control over variable, i.e. support group).
Explain whether the following is Experimental or Quasi Experimental.
Clients on two separate units are given a questionnaire on their satisfaction with the care provided on their first day, and then on the day of discharge. Clients on one floor received care from the Nurse manager, while clients on the other received care from regular nurses. Clients scores and then compared.
Quasi Experimental
A quasi-experimental design is one that looks a bit like an experimental design but lacks the key ingredient – random assignment.
A quasi-experimental design is one that looks a bit like an experimental design but lacks the key ingredient – random assignment.
Reading and language development skills are compared between a group of children with chronic otitis media and a group of children without.
Quasi Experimental
There is Ø control or randomization. It’s a simple compare and contrast
Differentiate between Experimental and quasi-experimental designs.
Quasi Experimental Designs have no control of randomness. Example would be: Reading ability between 12 years old boys and girls. You cannot make some people be Boy, and some Girls… they just are one or the other.
In experimental design, you would have control over the variable… Example: Comparing reading abilities after a group of random children receive a reading workshop and other do not… then comparing their reading skills after 2 weeks. (You control who gets the workshop and who does not).
In comparative surveys, the researcher does not manipulate the ____, but assess data to provide information for future nursing intervention studies.
Variables
Comparative survey is a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures.
______ is the broadest category of non experimental design.
A/ Exploratory Research
B/ Survey
C/ Comparative research
D/ longitudinal Research
B/ Survey
When examining the relationship between two or more variables, the researcher is using \_\_\_\_ Design. A/ Retrospective B/ Cross-sectional C/ Correlational D/ Prospective
C/ Correlational design
A correlational study determines whether or not two variables are correlated. This means to study whether an increase or decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase or decrease in the other variable.
These designs have many similarities to quasi-experimental designs, but independent variables are pre existing.
Ex post Facto design.
Ex post facto design is a non experimental research technique in which preexisting independent variables, present prior to the study, affects the dependent variable.
“Studying the affects of Obesity on eyesight”
Group would already be obesity vs non-obese groups. (Pre Existing factor).
What kind of study is this? A study to determine the hand eye coordination of grade 5 students who cook regularly and those who do not regularly cook A/ Quasi-experimental B/ Ex Post Facto C/ Cross-sectional D/ Correlational
D/ Correlational
Studying whether a cooking ability improves hand eye coordination or not.
What kind of study is this? Studying the aggression of men with priapism. A/ Quasi-experimental B/ Ex Post Facto C/ Cross-sectional D/ Correlational
B/ Ex post facto Design
They men already have priapism and we cannot assign that to them (Pre-existing)
This design has a similarity to ex post facto design A/ Exploratory B/ Methodological C/ Cross-sectional D/ Retrospective
D/ Retrospective design
Research methods used collect data about people’s experiences of past events.
Comparing the incidences of diabetes in northern climates like Norway, compared to Non-northern climates like Portugal. Looking back the the data from those countries and seeing if there is a historical trend.
\_\_\_ Studies involve collecting data at ONE point in time, whereas \_\_\_\_ involves collecting data from the same group at different points in time. A/ Longitudinal, Descriptive B/ Descriptive, Longitudinal C/ Cross-sectional, Longitudinal D/ Cross-sectional, Descriptive.
C/ Cross-sectional, Longitudinal
Cross-sectional looks at data from a specific point
Longitudinal looks at data from the same group but at multiple points
This kind of study looks at the presumed causes and moves forward in time to the presumed events. A/ Retrospective B/ Prospective C/ Methodological D/ Your mom
B/ Prospective… looking to the future
A prospective cohort study is a cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (“cohort”) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, in order to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.[1] For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits, in order to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonsmokers.
This is when a researcher is trying to link present events to past events.
Retrospective design
What is the difference between Probability Sampling and nonprobability sampling?
Probability Sampling - a sampling technique wherein the samples are gathered in a process that gives all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected.
Non-probability Sampling - samples are selected based on the subjective judgement of the researcher, rather than random selection.
If you want to study the effects of pollution on a population, you would selectively choose people who live closest to factories/industrial parks.
Determine whether the following term is an example of probability or non-probability sampling.
Convenience Sampling
non-probability
Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher
Determine whether the following term is an example of probability or non-probability sampling.
Purposive Sampling.
Non-probability
purposive sampling relies on the judgement of the researcher when it comes to selecting the units (e.g., people, cases/organisations, events, pieces of data) that are to be studied. Usually, the sample being investigated is quite small, especially when compared with probability sampling techniques.
